it  IJbrafy 


/     r 


«,u     ;THE  BEST  IN  THE  WORLD  FOR  FRUIT  AND  VINE  CULTURE 

Are  found  under  the  QILA  BEND  CANAL  on  the  Lower  Qila  River. 


WATER  FRANCHISE  FOR  SALE  BY 


|  THE  Riizenn  Consinucnon  Co  ] 


LANDS  STILL  BELONG  TO  THE  GENERAL  GOVERNMENT 

AND  SUBJECT  TO  ENTRY 


ARIZONA  CONSTRUCTION  COMPANY 


INCORPORATED  UNDER 

THE  LAWS  OF  THE  STATE  OF  ILLINOIS 

1891 


PRINCIPAL  .  OFFICE  .  PEORIA  .  ILLINOIS 

BRANCH  OFFICE,  GILA  BEND,  A  K  I/UNA 


PR  ESIDENT  .  .  . .  J.  W.  GIFT 
VICE-PRESIDENT.  .  .  .  WILLIAM    JACK 
SECRETARY... .JAMES   M.  RICE 

TREASURER . . . .  ELIOT  CALl  .KNDKK 


BOARD  OF  DIRECTORS 

J.  B.  GREENHUT  J.   \V.  GIFT  N.  C.  DAUGHKRTY  SAMUEL   C.   BARTLETT 

WILLIAM    JACK  B.   F.    RHODEHAMEL 

ELIOT    CALLKNDER  JOHN    S.  STEVFXS  JAMES    M.  RICE 


IRRIQflTION. 


Most  Americans  know  little  or  nothing  of  the  subject  of  irriga- 
tion for  agricultural  or  horticultural  purposes.  Our  lands  have  been 
so  abundant  that  the  farmer  has  simply  selected  his  tract  where  he 
could  receive  the  quickest  returns  for  the  least  outlay,  and  where 
his  purpose  could  be  accomplished  without  combination  with  others 
and  without  aggregation  of  capital.  The  time  has  come,  however, 
when  the  most  successful  agriculturalist  has  ceased  to  take  his  u  prai- 
rie schooner"  and  farming  implements  and  drive  off  by  himself  to 
a  quarter  section  of  land  to  make  himself  a  home  in  his  isolation 
and  loneliness  and  indepencence  of  the  co-operation  of  his  fellow- 
men.  Profitable  irrigation  generally  requires  the  use  of  a  large  ag- 
gregation of  capital. 

Irrigation  is  one  of  the  oldest  arts.  Probably  one-half  of  the 
most  civilized  people  of  the  earth  live  from  the  products  of  irri- 
gated land,  and  always  have  done  so  from  the  earliest  dawn  of 
history,  and  those  who  have  lived  by  irrigation  have  been  the 
most  civilized  and  enlightened.  The  Europeans  settling  in  Amer- 
ica have  probably  been  the  one  exception,  for  America  itself,  when 
discovered,  possessed  examples  of  the  highest  irrigation,  and  irriga- 
tion itself  was  practiced  in  America  at  that  time  by  all  of  the 
most  civilized  natives. 

Irrigation  was  practiced  largely  by  the  Egyptians,  Arabians,  As- 
syrians, Babylonians  and  Chinese.  The  lands  in  the  dominions  of 
the  Queen  of  Sheba  in  the  days  of  King  Solomon  were  irrigated  by 
large  canals  from  a  reservoir,  made  by  constructing  a  dam  two 
miles  long  and  one  hundred  and  twenty  feet  high  of  large  hewn 
stone.  The  canals  of  the  Pharoahs  were  their  principal  and  cer- 
tainly their  most  useful  public  works,  and  the  most  ancient  his- 
tory tells  of  the  Lake  Meotis  constructed  as  a  reservoir  for  irrigat- 
ing purposes. 

The  plains  of  Assyria  and  Babylon  were  covered  with  immense 
systems  of  canals,  some  of  them  hundreds  of  miles  in  extent,  the 
ruins  of  which  are  among  the  most  interesting  in  the  world.  Baby- 
lon itself  was  captured  by  turning  aside  the  waters  of  a  canal  anden- 
tering  the  city  through  the  canal  bed. 

In  the  agriculture  of  Italy,  France  and  Spain,  great  attention  is 
paid  to  irrigation.  One  of  the  first  and  most  important  results  of 
the  extension  of  the  civilization  of  the  east  into  Europe  was  the  in- 
troduction of  irrigation  into  southern  Spain  by  the  Moors,  by  which 
vast  territories,  which  had  been  almost  barren,  were  made  most 
fruitful,  so  that  in  the  tenth  century  the  revenues  therefrom  were 
over  $30,000,000.00  a  year,  which  the  great  historian,  Gibbons,  says, 
was  more  than  the  combined  revenue  of  all  the  monarchs  of  Chris- 
tendom of  that  time.  The  Romans,  during  several  centuries,  con- 
structed extensive  irrigation  works  which  are  still  in  use. 


2 

When  America  was  discovered  the  inhabitants  of  Peru  had  in  use 
the  most  costly  works  constructed  for  irrigating  their  land,  and  the 
inhabitants  of  Peru  were  the  most  intelligent  and  civilized  of  the 
aborigines  of  America.  Canals  and  aqueducts  were  seen  crossing 
the  country  in  all  directions.  The  Aztecs  of  Mexico  also  used  ir- 
rigation, and  the  beautiful  gardens  of  Iztapalapan,  watered  by 
canals  and  aqueducts  and  moistened  by  the  spray  of  fountains,  were 
exhibited  to  the  astonished  Spaniards  as  a  perfection  of  horticulture 
at  that  time  unknown  in  their  own  country. 

Ancient  Irrigation  in  Arizona. 

Arizona  presents  more  evidences  of  ancient  cultivation  and  irri- 
gation that  any  other  portion  of  the  United  States.  Mr.  Farish, 
Commissioner  of  Immigration  for  Arizona,  in  his  report  for  1889, 
page  2,  says: 

AN   OLDEN   LAND. 

uThe  ruins  of  the  Casa  Grande,  the  traces  of  old  waterways,  and 
the  mounds  that  dot  the  surface  of  the  Salt  and  Gila  valleys    are 
evidences  of  a  civilization  that  was  extinct  before  the  Spaniard  set  * 
foot  upon  the  soil  of  central  America,  three  hundred  and  fifty  years 
ago. 

The  ruins  of  Casa  Grande,  situated  in  the  Gila  valley,  about  five 
miles  south  of  the  river,  and  six  miles  from  the  town  of  Florence, 
were  thoroughly  explored  by  Coronado  in  1540,  and  are  described 
by  Castenada,  the  historian  of  the  expedition. 

This  is  the  oldest  description  extant.  He  says:  'One  of  them  is 
a  large  edifice,  the  principal  room  in  the  center  being  four  stories 
high,  and  those  adjoining  it  on  its  four  sides,  with  walls  two  varas 
(thirty-three  inches  is  a  vara)  thick,  of  strong  adobe  material,  so 
smooth  on  the  inside  that  they  resemble  planed  boards,  and  so  pol- 
ished that  they  shine  like  pueblo  pottery.  For  a  distance  of  two 
leagues  (six  miles)  these  ruins  are  visible.  The  remains  of  a  large 
canal  for  irrigation  were  traceable  from  the  river  to  a  point  at  which 
it  reached  the  plain  on  which  the  city  rested,  and  could  be  fol- 
lowed for  a  distance  of  nine  miles  around  the  city,  with  an  average 
width  of  ten  varas7— 27|  feet. 

Lieutenant  Frank  H.  Gushing,  well  known  in  connection  with  his 
investigations  among  the  Zuni  Indians,  has  lately  been  investigating 
the  ruins  of  the  Salt  river  valley,  under  the  patronage  of  Mrs. 
Hemingway,  of  Boston,  and  gives  it  as  his  opinion  that  at  one  time, 
between  the  eighth  and  ninth  centuries,  this  valley  alone  container 
a  population  of  300,000  souls,  supported  by  agriculture,  with  sev- 
eral cities,  the  largest  six  miles  long.77 

President  Harrison  has  declared  a  tract  of  land  comprising 
acres,  including  the  old  Casa  Grande  ruins,  to  be  a  reservation. 
This  has  been  done  for  the  purpose  of  protecting  the  ruins  and  th< 
Casa  Grande  building.  The  reservation  will  be  under  the  control  oi 
the  Bureau  of  Ethnology  of  the  Smithsonian  Institute. 


FRUITS  flND  F/IRH  PRODUCTS 


COST  OF  AN  ORANGE  GROVE. 

In  answer  to  the  oft-repeated  question,  u  What  is  the  cost  of  an 
orange  grove?"  we  can  give  no  better  authority  than  that  to  be 
obtained  from  the  orange  growers  of  Riverside,  California,  who  have 
achieved  greater  success  than  any  other  colony  of  orange  growers 
in  the  United  States. 

4  conservative  estimate  of  the  cost  of  a  ten-acre  orange  orchard 
in  Riverside,  when  the  raw  land  is  valued  at  $300  per  acre,  and  when 
good  trees  cost  $1.25  each,  was  at  the  end  of  the  fifth  year  $7,650, 
or  $765  per  acre. 

The  unimproved  land  in  Riverside  is  worth  from  $300  to  $600 
der  acre,  and  we  take  the  lowest  figure. 

Now  we  will  take  new  land  in  the  Gila  Valley,  under  the  Gila 
Bend  Canal,  that  costs,  say  $20  per  acre,  and  the  same  quality  of 
trees  as  those  planted  by  the  Riverside  orchardist,  which  can  now 
be  contracted  for  at  90  cents  each,  delivered  here  for  the  spring  of 
1893,  and  we  find  the  cost  to  be  about  as  follows: 

Ten  acres  of  land  at  $20  per  acre $  200  00 

Clearing,  plowing,  and  digging  the  holes  $10 100.00 

1000  best  budded  trees,  at  90  cents  each 900.00 

Planting  same  at  $5  per  acre 50 .00 

Interest  at  8  per  cent  on  first  cost  for  five  years 500  00 

Care  of  orchard,  1st,  2d,  and  3rd  years,  at  $15  per  acre  450.00 

Care  of  orchard  4th  year,  at  $20  per  acre 200.00 

Care  of  orchard  5th  year,  at  $25  per  acre 250.00 

Taxes  and  incidentials 200.00 

Water  for  five  years,  at  $1.25  per  acre  per  year (52 . 00 

Fertilizer  for  fourth  year 240  00 


Total $3152.50 

Assuming  that  the  orchard  has  been  properly  planted  and  cared  for,  the  yield 
during  the 

Fourth  year  should  be  one-half  box  per  tree  500  bxs  at  $2.25  $1250.00 
Fifth  year,  one  box  per  tree,  1000  bxs  at  $2.25 2250.00 

Total  income  at  the  end  of  the  fifth  year $3500.00 

having  returned  more  than  the  total  cost  of  the  orchard,  arid  is  now 
in  condition  to  yield  a  rapidly  increasing  income,  which  at  the  tenth 
year  should  exceed  $5000. 

These  figures  are  not  merely  an  estimate  based  upon  a  theoretical 
conception  of  what  an  orchard  ought  to  yield.  They  represent  what 
has  been  done  in  Riverside  time  and  time  again.  What  is  being 
"one,  and  what  may  confidently  be  expected  to  be  done  in  the  future. 


The  wise  man  profits  by  the  experience  of  others.  What  was  a 
daring  risk  twenty  years  ago  is  now  undertaken  with  the  assurance 
of  success. 

Conditions  being  equal,  what  has  been  done  can  be  done  again. 
By  the  proper  application  of  water  for  irrigation  the  desert  has  been 
made  to  blossom  as  the  rose,  and  many  blades  of  grass  to  grow  where 
none  grew  before. 

Land  that  a  few  years  ago  had  no  value  except  the  scant  pasturage 
that  it  afforded  during  the  rainy  season,  has,  is  less  than  ten  years, 
by  means  of  irrigation,  a  high  state  of  cultivation,  rich  soil  and 
warm  sunshine,  been  converted  into  orange  groves  and  vineyards, 
that  to-day  pay  good  interest  on  an  investment  of  $3000  per  acre. 
This  is  no  fanciful  flight  of  the  imagination,  but  the  legitimate  re- 
sult of  planting  orchards  and  vineyards,  and  the  production  of  large 
crops  through  the  intelligent  methods  evolved  from  pioneer  exper- 
ience. 

No  section  of  the  union  promises  better  opportunities  for  those 
with  small  means  at  their  command;  and  the  intelligent  and  indus- 
drious  workingman  can  more  easily  get  a  start  in  life  here  than  is 
possible  in  the  older  settlements;  and  here  men  with  small  fortunes 
may  become  rich. 

PROFITABLE   GRANGES. 

Col.  J.  R.  Dobbins  of  Alhambra  has  just  delivered  his  crop  of  Va- 
lencia oranges  free,  on  board  cars  at  that  place,  at  $4  per  box.  From 
130  trees,  8  years  old,  he  realizes  $2400  gross,  or  $2000  after  paying 
all  expenses.  The  Valencia  (sometimes  called  the  Du  Roi)  is  the 
latest  orange  to  come  into  the  market,  and  generally  is  at  its  best  in 
July.  This  year  the  crop  is  later  than  usual.  Within  the  past  two- 
years  a  great  many  trees  in  nursery  have  been  budded  to  this  variety, 
and,  a  few  years  hence,  there  will  be  a  considerable  production  of 
late  oranges.  It  will  not  be  advisable  to  plant  so  extensively  of 
these  trees,  however,  for  the  reason  that  they  come  to  maturity  in 
in  the  midst  of  the  deciduous  fruit  season,  and  the  market  might 
easily  be  overdone.  For  the  present,  however,  a  man  who  has  a 
Valencia  orchard  in  good  bearing  has  a  very  profitable  investment, 
as  the  transaction  above  noted  shows.  A  profit  of  $2000  from  an 
acre  and  a  quarter  or  an  acre  and  a  half  of  orchard  is  not  to  be 
sneezed  at. 

SANITARY  VALUE   OF  ORANGES. 

An  orange  fad  is  among  the  possibilities,  says  the  "Farm  and  Fire- 
side." Free  consumption  of  the  fruit  is  said  to  be  good  for  the  com- 
plexion, and  many  American  ladies  are  testing  the  claim.  The  value 
of  the  orange  in  other  ways  has  long  been  recognized.  It  is  re- 
ported that  in  some  inebriate  asylums  oranges  have  proved  an  effi- 
cient substitute  for  alcohol,  patients  sucking  the  juice  of  them 
abundantly  every  time  the  thirst  for  liquor  comes  upon  them.  This 
fact  is  so  well  recognized  that  often  at  temperance  coffee  stands 
piles  of  luscious  oranges  are  also  kept. 


FRENCH  PRUNES  FOR  PROFIT. 

A  handsome  fortune  can  be  made  in  ten  years  from  eighty,  or 
even  forty  acres  of  French  prunes,  and  large  incomes  can  be  had 
from  ten  and  fifteen  acre  prune  orchards.  The  trees  must  be 
grafted' or  budded  on  plum  stock,  and  be  one  year  old  trees — planted 
twenty  feet  apart,  or  one  hundred  to  the  acre.  Good  trees  are 
worth  twenty  cents  each.  Dig  the  holes  two  to  three  feet  square, 
according  to  the  quality  of  the  soil.  They  should  bear  some  fruit 
the  third  and  fourth  year,  and  by  the  fifth  year  you  will  get  about 
60  Ibs.  to  each  tree,  and  the  sixth  year  120  pounds  or  more  to  the 
tree.  After  that  your  trees  are  in  full  bearing.  Prunes  are  not 
picked  by  hand,  but  are  shaken  about  once  a  week  for  four  weeks. 
When  all  are  shaken  off,  they  are  placed  on  trays  and  dried  in  the 
sun. 

COST  OF  A  PRUNE  ORCHARD. 

10  acres  of  land  at  $20  per  acre $  200  00 

1000  good  trees  at  20  cts  each 200.00 

Cleaning  and  plowing  land 50.00 

Digging  the  holes  and  planting  the  trees 75  oo 

Cultivating  for  five  years  at  $100  per  year 500.00 

Taxes  and  incidentals  for  five  years 100.00 

Water  for  five  years  at  $1.25  per  acre *  62 . 00 

Five  years  interest  on  investment  at  8  per  cent 375 .00 

Total  cost  at  the  end  of  five  years $1562  50 

PROFIT. 

The  fifth  year  you  will  have  one  thousand  trees  bearing 
at  least  60  pounds  each,  or  thirty  tons,  equal  to  ten  tons 
of  dried  prunes,  worth  10  cts.  per  pound,  or  two  hundred 
dollars  per  ton $2000 . 00 

If  you  deduct  10  per  cent,  for  labor  of  handling  the  crop,  you 
will  have  a  balance  of  $1800  net,  paying  for  the  whole 
investment  and  $275.50  to  spare. 

The  sixth  year  you  should  have  60  tons  of  green  fruit,  or 

20  tons  of  dried  prunes  worth $4000.00 

By  the  seventh  year  your  trees  will  be  in  full  bearing  condition , 
and  will  bear  each  year  from  150  to  200,  or  even  300  pounds  to  the 
tree,  and  I  believe  1  am  on  the  safe  side  when  I  say  that  each  tree 
will  bring  you  five  dollars  net  each  year,  or  five  thousand  dollars 
from  ten  acres.  It  will  thus  readily  be  seen  that,  on  an  outlay  of 
less  than  $1600  a  person  can  have  an  income  of  $5000  per  year  in 
ten  years  time.  These  figures  are  made  with  care,  and  on  a  basis  of 
actual  results  obtained  from  the  owners  of  prune  orchards  in  Po- 
mona, California,  based  upon  prices  received  this  season — 1892. 

THE  FIG. 

This  delicious  fruit  only  needs  a  little  familiarity  to  become  very 
popular.  It  is  most  delicately  flavored  and  refreshing,  bearing  no 
resemblance  to  the  dried  fig.  It  is  a  fine  dessert  fruit,  and  makes  an 
exquisite  dish  served  with  cream.  It  is  also  very  fine  when  stewed 
or  canned.  The  manufacture  on  a  large  scale  of  fig  preserves,  fig 
syrup,  and  crystalized  figs  is  an  industry  of  recent  origin.  Trie  bus- 
iness has  already  assumed  large  proportions  though  yet  in  its  in- 


fancy.  The  tree  is  easily  propagated,  and  is  very  fruitful,  and 
and  prices  for  the  fruit  have  been  all  that  could  be  desired,  $50  per 
ton  being  paid  by  the  crystalizing  works. 

Quite  a  number  of  planters  in  this  territory  have  large  fig  orchards 
growing,  and  as  the  demand  is  constantly  increasing,  with  but  a 
limited  supply,  it  is  safe  to  predict  that  the  culture  and  manufacture 
will  be  a  business  reaching  far  into  the  millions  in  the  near  future. 

Arizona  is  proven  to  be  the  home  of  the  fig — even  found  growing 
wild  in  the  mountains,  showing  a  phenomenal  growth  with  proper 
cultivation,  trees  the  third  year  from  cutting  having  trunks  from 
five  to  eight  inches  in  diameter,  and  yielding  three  crops  of  rich, 
sweet,  thin  skinned  fruit  equal  to  any  grown  in  California  or  Arabia. 

The  cost  of  maturing  a  fig  orchard  is  less  than  that  of  any  other 
grown  in  this  latitude,  and  it  also  comes  into  bearing  earlier  than 
any  other  fruit. 

The  tree  is  grown  from  cuttings  and  cultivated  as  any  other  tree 
or  vine,  requiring  less  care  than  the  orange  or  grape. 

APRICOTS. 

The  apricot  grows  to  a  high  state  of  perfection  here,  and  matures 
from  four  to  six  weeks  earlier  than  in  nearly  any  other  section, 
thereby  insuring  a  good  market  for  early  shipments  of  fresh  fruit. 
The  bulk  of  the  crop,  however,  is  either  dried  or  canned,  and  com- 
mands good  prices  in  all  the  markets  of  the  world.  The  tree  makes 
a  rapid  growth,  is  hardy,  and  free  from  disease  or  insect  pest.  The 
cost  of  obtaining  an  apricot  orchard  is  about  the  same  as  that  of  a 
prune  orchard,  found  on  another  page.  The  profits  to  be  derived 
vary  somewhat  with  condition  and  prices.  This  year,  from  $195  to 
$225  per  acre  was  obtained,  or  more  from  a  ten  acre  orchard  than 
many  an  eastern  farmer  realizes  from  his  160  acres. 

THE  ALMOND. 

The  almond  makes  a  remarkable  growth  in  this  valley,  and  where 
old  enough  to  bear  are  heavily  loaded;  trees  three  years  planted 
being  full  of  nuts. 

About  one  thousand  trees  were  planted  in  the  spring  of  1892. 
The  cost  of  an  almond  orchard  is  no  more  than  that  of  the  peach, 
prune,  or  apricot,  and  it  is  more  easily  cared  for,  and  the  crop  less 
trouble  to  harvest  than  either.  The  nnts  not  being  perishable,  can 
be  held  for  the  best  market,  or  will  bear  long  transportation;  the 
market  is  good,  making  this  a  valuable  tree  to  plant. 

In  a  garden  in  Gila  Bend  is  an  almond  tree  two  years  and  a  half 
old  from  the  time  the  seed  was  planted,  that  now  measures  thirteen 
inches  in  circumference,  one  foot  from  the  ground,  also  yielding  a 
crop  of  nuts  when  but  two  years  old. 

The  almond  is  probably  still  in  the  experimental  stage  in  Cali- 
fornia. Still  enough  has  been  learned  regarding  situation  to  know 
that  it  does  best  on  bench  or  hillside  lands  free  from  fogs  and  more 
or  less  protected  from  direct  winds. 

Mr.  A.  T.  Hatch,  of  Suison  valley,  the  largest  almond  planter  in 
the  State,  says  that  u  the  almond  will  not  grow  in  the  water  nor  do 
well  in  a  heavy,  poorly  drained  place,  but  will  flourish  and  produce 


good  crops  on  soils  that  are  too  light  or  dry  to  grow  peaches,  apri- 
cots, nectarines  or  similar  pulpy  fruit.  Almonds  will  make  heavier 
returns  from  leaner  lands  than  any  other  crops,  except  it  may  be 
vines,  olives  or  figs.1' 


OLIVES. 

• 

The  growing  of  olives  for  oil  or  for  pickles,  is  destined  to  become 
one  of  the  most  important  horticultural  industries  of  Arizona,  which 
in  time  may  rival  the  orange  as  a  wealth  producer.  The  demand 
for  olives  and  olive  oil  is  constantly  growing,  and  our  supply  comes 
largely  from  Italy,  where  it  is  one  of  the  most  important  industries. 
Millions  of  dollars  of  our  gold  are  annually  sent  to  that  country  in 
exchange  for  olive  oil  adulterated  with  cotton  seed  oil,  first  shipped 
from  the  United  States  to  be  used  in  the  adulteration  of  olive  oil. 
More  than  two  million  gallons  of  cotton-seed  oil  are  exported  from 
the  United  States  to  Marseilles  yearly,  and  more  than  half  of  this 
vast  quantity  is  used  for  adulterating  olive  oils,  a  large  part  of 
which  are  re-imported  to  the  United  States  through  a  thirty  per 
cent  duty.  In  time  this  will  be  changed,  for  in  our  own  land  the 
olive  grows  to  perfection,  as  has  been  proven  in  southern  California 
during  the  last  three  or  four  years,  where  the  business  has  proved 
very  successful  and  is  now  being  developed  on  a  larger  scale.  The 
olive  is  a  tree  that  delights  in  a  warm  dry  climate;  it  shuns  damp- 
ness, and  it  fears  nothing  from  the  long  drouths.  It  does  the  best 
in  the  region  of  the  fig  and  almond  tree.  It  is  a  beautiful  evergreen, 
having  a  glossy,  silvery  appearance;  is  hardy  and  is  very  long  lived, 
trees  now  living  known  to  be  more  than  a  thousand  years  old.  The 
olive  under  favorable  conditions  of  climate  and  soil,  is  one  of  the 
most  vigorous  trees,  and  can  even  compete  with  the  oak.  It  is  very 
prolific,  having  been  known  to  yield  as  high  as  250  to  260  gallons 
each,  from  very  old  trees. 

A  few  trees  grown  at  different  points  in  this  territory  have  not 
only  made  a  remarkable  growth,  but  have  fruited  heavily,  demon- 
strating very  clearly  that  olive  growing  is  no  longer  an  experiment 
in  Arizonia. 

The  cost  of  an  olive  orchard  is  no  greater  than  that  of  the  prune 
or  apricot,  the  time  required  for  bringing  into  full  bearing  is  about 
the  same  as  the  orange,  will  bear  lightly  at  four  or  five  years,  but 
will  increase  for  many  years  after.  Where  properly  handled,  the 
olive  has  proven  more  profitable  than  the  orange. 

The  cost  of  planting  olives  is  about  the  same  as  for  prunes  or 
apricots. 

In  a  public  address  at  San  Francisco,  Mr.  Elwood  Cooper,  of  Santa 
Barbara,  the  most  extensive  grower  in  the  State  said: 

''The  only  test  I  ever  made  as  to  the  quantities  borne  by  an 
orchard — that  is,  taking  all  the  trees — showed  122  pounds  of  olives 
thrcu^hout  the  orchard,  large  trees  or  small  ones,  seven  years  old 

FROM  THE  CUTTING. 


uThe  best  results  in  making  oil  has  been  ten  and  one-half  pounds 
to  one  large  bottle.  The  ^poorest  results  was  twelve  a'nd  a  half 
pounds.  We  have  for  the  tree  seven  years  old  at  least  ten  bottles 
of  oil,  and  these  bottles  will  sell  readily  anywhere  and  everywhere 
at  $1  apiece." 

There  are  108  trees  to  the  acre,  being  planted  twenty  feet  apart. 
This  gives  over  $100Oas  an  average  per  acre  for  seven-year  old  trees. 

The  Executive  Committee  of  Yum  a  County  say: 

"The  olive  grows  luxuriantly,  and  will  in  the  future  become  a 
most  profitable  investment.  Whatever  its  characteristics  elsewhere, 
here  it  requires  water  and  cultivation — the  more  water  the  better.1' 

Mr.  P.  R.  Brady,  of  Florence,  Arizona,  says  of  the  olive: 

"The  olive  would  thrive  here  equal  to  any  part  of  the  south  of 
Europe  from  what  we  have  seen  of  the  few  trees  here  in  bearing, 
which  were  planted  eight  years  ago,  and  have  never  had  any  care  be- 
stowed on  them  beyond  irrigation." 

(Florence  is  about  150  miles  northeast  up  the  Gila  River.) 
The   Maricopa   County  Immigration  Union  say  that  olives  grow 
well  in  Arizona. 

Immigration  Commissioners  Hamilton  and  Farish,and  also  Gover- 
nor Zulick,  confirm  this  statement. 

Raisins  and  Grapes. 

"As  a  raisin-producing  country,  all  the  conditions  are  favorable 
to  make  it  the  best  in  the  world.  We  can  not  only  grow  the  rasin 
grapes  to  perfection,  but  have  the  best  climate  to  cure  them  in,  and 
under  no  circumstances  will  recourse  be  necessary  to  artificial  heat  in 
completing  the  curing  process." 

There  are  more  than  five  thousand  acres  of  raisin  grapes  now 
growing  in  this  county,  many  of  them  beginning  to  oear. 

No  finer  vineyards  for  the  age  are  to  be  found  anywhere.  The 
soil  is  identical  in  appearance  to  the  soil  of  Fresno,  California,  now 
famous  as  the  greatest  raisin  producing  region  in  the  world,  and  a 
gentleman  from  that  city,  when  recently  passing  through  Gila  Bend, 
expressed  it  as  his  opinion  that  this  would  be  as  good  a  raisin 
country  as  Fresno  is.  The  first  raisins  packed  this  season  anywhere 
in  the  United  States  were  packed  in  this  county. 

The  California  raisins  reach  the  eastern  markets  later  than  the 
Spanish  raisins,  consequently  the  latter  secures  the  advantage  of  the 
early  eastern  market,  but  Arizona  can  and  will  receive  the  benefits 
of  the  earlier  market,  as  she  deliver  her  raisins  in  New  York  ahead 
of  California  or  Spain. 

No  fruit  can  be  brought  to  maturity  so  cheaply  as  the  grape;  land, 
water  and  cultivation  given,  and  at  the  end  of  the  third  year  an  in- 
come of  from  $75  to  $100  per  acre  should  be  obtained,  more  if  the 
fruit  is  shipped  green,  as  it  can  be  produced  from  four  to  six  weeks 
earlier  from  this  valley  than  from  California,  and  will  reach  the  mar- 
ket at  a  high  time  when  high  prices  will  be  obtained. 


We  live  in  the  sunshine  belt  where  fog  is  unknown,  and  where 
the  average  rainfall  is  only  6.08  inches. 

Alfalfa  grows  luxuriantly,  and  when  properly  managed  produces 
seven  or  eight  crops  of  hay  per  year,  averaging  at  least  two  tons  per 
acre  for  each  cutting. 

The  usual  method,  however,  is  to  pasture  the  land  most  of  the 
year,  cutting  only  three  heavy  crops  of  hay  of  about  ten  tons  per 
acre  each  year,  which  finds  a  ready  market  at  all  seasons  of  the  year. 
Large  numbers  of  cattle  are  kept  in  the  finest  condition  on  these  fields, 
in  addition  to  three  cuttings,  with  but  little  expense. 

On  account  of  the  abundance  and  cheapness  of  feed  grown 
throughout  the  year,  and  the  absence  of  winter  storms,  stock-rais- 
ing is  a  profitable  industry,  and  will  continue  to  be,  for  the  reason 
that  we  have  in  California,  at  our  very  door,  a  good  market  for  our 
beef,  which  can  be  placed  in  their  markets  cheaper  than  it  can  be 
produced  in  California. 

Beet  Sugar. 

The  production  of  beet  sugar  is  destined  to  become  an  important 
industry  in  this  section,  where  the  conditions  of  soil  and  climate  are 
so  favorable  to  the  growth  of  sugar  beets,  containing  a  high  percent- 
age of  saccherine  matter.  Samples  recently  sent  by  the  Fowler 
Company  to  China,  for  analysis,  showed  17  per  cent,  sugar  and  86 
purity,  which  is  a  very  high  percentage,  and  if  produced  in  large 
quantities  would  insure  large  profits  to  both  the  grower  and  the 
refiner. 

Parks 

No  one  feature  of  a  new  or  strange  land  attracts  the  attention  of 
the  visitor,  or  impresses  him  more  favorable,  than  the  sight  of  well 
kept  parks  and  finely  shaded  drives;  and  recognizing  this  fact,  the 
Company  will  spare  no  pains  in  grading  and  ornamenting  the  wide 
streets  and  avenues. 

A  double  row  of  semi-tropical  evergreens,  trees  such  as  eucalyptus, 
pepper,  palm,  cypress,  mountain  ash,  olive,  and  others  equally  attrac- 
tive, will  line  either  side,  producing  beautitul  drives  and  shaded  side- 
walks. Sites  for  parks  will  be  reserved  and  properly  improved  as 
rapidly  as  the  growth  of  the  settlement  may  require. 

Plant  trees  abundantly  along  the  public  highways,  where,  in  a 
few  years  they  will  cast  a  cooling,  grateful  shade,  and  form  lovely 
arching  drive-ways  to  shield  man  and  beast  from  the  heat  and  glare 
o£  the  summer  sun. 

The  public  can  overlook  a  poorly  kept  highway  if  trees  grace  the 
road-side,  and  the  finest  macadamized  roads  lack  more  than  half 
their  beauty  and  comfort  if  not  supplemented  by  suitable  trees;  arrd 
the  more  tropical  these  are  the  more  pleasing  the  effect. 

THE  SOUR  ORAKGE  AS  A  STEEET  TREE. 

A  correspondent  of  the  Sacramento  Record-Union  puts  in  a  strong 
plea  for  the  Florida  sour  orange  tree  for  streets  and  avenues.  He 
says  it  is  of  beautiful  shape  naturally,  and  is  a  strong,  vigorous 


10 

grower,  much  more  so  than  any  sweet  orange;  and  that  it  is  very 
hardy  and  long  lived,  the  trees  retaining  their  vigor  and  beauty  from 
two  to  four  centuries,  which  will  answer  very  well  in  the  matter  of 
age.  The  sour  orange,  furthermore,  has  a  dark,  rich,  glossy  green 
foliage,  and  being  an  evergreen,  retains  its  beauty  the  year  round. 
In  the  matter  of  fruit  it  is  not  devoid  of  value,  as  it  bears  a  medium 
sized  and  very  handsome  orange,  which  shows  an  especially  strong 
predilection  to  hang  on  the  trees  all  the  year  round.  They  are  not 
tempting  to  the  small  boy,  however,  as  they  have  much  of  the  bitter- 
ness of  a  green  olive.  With  sidewalks  lined  with  these  trees,  what 
a  beautiful  aspect  our  streets  would  present,  the  gold  of  their  fruit 
contrasted  with  the  redness  of  the  pepper  tree  berries.  The  sour 
orange  is  sturdy,  as  well  as  beautiful  and  productive,  and  when  one 
comes  to  add  the  fragrance  of  its  blossoms  to  its  good  qualities,  a 
really  formidable  case  is  made  out  for  it  as  a  shade  tree. 

Comparison  of  Season 

The  land  along  the  lower  Gila  River  is  equal,  if  not  superior,  to 
California's  best  land,  and  California  land,  with  water,  is  held  at 
from  $150  to  $500  per  acre  for  unimproved  land. 

Yet  you  can  obtain  these  Gila  River  lands,  with  water,  for  $16.50 
per  acre.  That  these  lands  are  equal,  if  not  superior,  the  following 
high  authority  proves  conclusively. 

The  Special  Committee  of  the  United  States  Senate  on  the  Irriga- 
tion and  Reclamation  of  Arid  Lands,  in  their  report,  Part  I,  page 
23,  says: 

"  The  lower  valley  of  the  Gila  River  is  clearly  shown  to  be  the 
most  promising  field  for  semi-tropical  fruits,  sugar-cane  and  cotton." 

And  on  page  60: 

"Within  our  borders  there  cannot  be  found  a  soil  so  uniformly  fer- 
tile. Analysis  of  this  soil  shows  its  fertile  qualities  to  be  superior  to 
that  of  the  Nile  earth." 

Arizona  has  been  misrepresented,  like  California  was  some  years 
ago.  The  same  magic  revolution  awaits  Arizona.  First,  it  will  as- 
tonish the  world  with  its  immense  mineral  wealth.  Second,  with  its 
rich  soil  and  fabulous  agricultural  products,  and  third,  with  its  won- 
derful winter  climate.  Let  everybody  know  the  advantages  of  our 
winter  climate,  and  let  all  the  sick  and  feeble  of  the  land  try  our 
blessed  air,  and  they  will  soon  cast  their  lots  with  us  and  build  their 
homes  here,  making  our  mountains  chime  with  their  songs  of  joy 
and  happiness. 

The  Citizens1  Executive  Committee  of  Yuma  county  say: 

"For  nine  months  of  the  year  the  climate  is  simply  superb.  Three 
months  are  warm,  but  not  excessively  so,  although  the  thermometer 
ranges  far  higher  than  would  be  conducive  to  health  or  comfort  in 
any  section  of  the  East." 


1 1 


Lieut.  W.  A.  Glassford,"  of  the  U.  S.  Signal  Corps,  in  a  letter  to 
the  Governor  of  the  Territory,  says: 

"A  few  words  about  the  heat.  It  is  recorded  as  extreme,  yet  no 
one  suffers  and  sunstrokes  are  unknown.  This  is  usually  accounted 
for  from  the  purity  and  dryness  of  the  air.  Both  are  true,  but  the 
dryness  is,  perhaps,  the  correct  reason.  There  are  neither  sunstrokes 
in  summer,  nor  pneumonia  in  winter;  neither  fever  nor  malaria  live 
and  generate  in  this  section. 

In  this  great  interior  valley  the  climate  is  remarkably  fine,  and  in 
many  respects  even  superior  to  the  cooler  and  more  humid  climate 
found  directly  upon  the  coast.  It  is  undeniably  better  as  regards 
those  characteristics  sought  by  people  with  a  tendency  to  lung  or 
throat  troubles.  The  altitude  and  the  dryness  of  the  atmosphere 
proving  especially  beneficial  for  asthmatic  difficulties. 

One  of  the  greatest  peculiarities  of  this  climate  consists  in  the  rel- 
ative condition  existing  between  the  degrees  of  temperature  and  the 
degrees  of  relative  humidity.  It  is  this  atmosph  jric  condition  that 
puzzles  all  new  comers,  and  that  is  incomprehensible  to  the  average 
observer  of  meteorological  conditions  and  their  results.  Nature  has 
so  arranged  it  that  when  there  is  a  rise  in  the  thermometer,  there  is 
a  diminution  in  the  humidity,  and  wifh  a  fall  in  the  thermometer 
there  is  an  increase  in  humidity  which  produces  equabilty. 

This  accounts  for  the  fact  that  men  can  work  in  the  sun  with  per- 
fect safety  in  a  degree  of  heat  that  would  prove  fatal  in  the  Mississ- 
ippi valley  or  the  Atlantic  coast  States;  and  this  no  doubt  explains 
why  invalids  suffering  from  lung  or  throat  trouble  receive  so  much 
benefit  here. 

We  jest  sometimes  at  "buying11  and  "selling  climate,"  but  it  is  a 
remarkable  commodity,  nevertheless,  that  has  an  intrinsic  value,  and 
is  worth  in  most  cases  all,  and  more,  than  the  prices  asked.  It  is 
the  only  property  where  the  acquisitions  of  the  buyer  do  not  in  any 
degree  diminish  the  possessions  of  the  seller. 

With  all  our  other  advantages,  it  is  climate  rather  than  commerce 
that  lures  to  this  semi-tropic  land  the  pleasure  seeker,  the  health 
seeker,  the  wealth  seeker,  the  home  seeker,  the  investor  and  the 
speculator. 

Have  you  week  lungs?  Have  you  any  throat  trouble?  Are  you 
troubled  with  rheumatism?  Have  you  malaria?  If  so,  for  any  of  the 
kindred  diseases,  then  you  cannot  take  a  better  step  for  your  health. 

Hon.  J.  De  Barth  Shorb,  of  California,  whose  full  letter  is  pub- 
lished elsewhere,  says: 

"The  climatic  conditions  are  not  excelled  anywhere;  the  tempera- 
ture either  in  summer  or  winter  is  faultless,  and  the  health  of  the 
people  could  not  be  improved.  There  are  no  malarious  conditions 
to  produce  fever  in  summer,  nor  are  those  rapid  changes  inci- 
dental and  common  to  other  parts  of  America  in  winter,  producing 
colds,  pneumonia  and  consumption,  present  in  Arizona.  The  exces- 
sive heat  of  the  summer  months  is  more  imaginary  than  real,  being, 
in  fact,  not  as  hot  as  it  is  in  many  parts  of  the  Sacramento,  San 
Joaquin,  and  upper  portions  of  Napa  or  Sonoma  Valleys  of  Califor- 


12 

ilia,  and  in  n  ualing  tin-  Mississippi  Valley.      The»|nali; 

111*1  temperature  being  entirely  ;lry,  makes  even   the    Hottest  da- 
erahle    in    the    opm    sun.  while    a   lower   temperature    in  any  ot    the 

tern  Stairs  pi  »':madH,  would  not   only  !>e  nit  nlerahle,  hut  da; 
OUK  to  liunian  life." 

Mr.  Hamilton,  ( 'ommissioner  of  Immigration  in   ISMi  for  A 
on  page  '.M>  of  his  rep.  m    N.  1!.  Matas,   M.  !>.,  in 

which  the  1 } 

"  Thf    climate  oi     l;',onda    18    far    inferior  .  and    can  not   l>p 

compared  hut  us  •.  shadow  of  our  winter  ret 

"The  celehrated  shores  of   Italy  and  Spain  eannoi    compare  either 
with  m\  southern  Arizona  as  a  winter  climate,  and  it  is  only 

a  question  of   time  when    I  lie    people  of  the  East  mid   other  par 
our  country,  and    even  of    Kurope,   who   have   delicate   health   ot 
actually  afflicted  with  consumption,,  asthma  or  other  troubles  of  the 
respiratory  organs,  will    come    here    by  thousands.      We    never    have 
any  sunstrokes  in  summer 

Ari/ona  Mountain  Resorts. 

The    IMio-nix    (ia/efte   rail*  special    at  tent  ion  to  the  fact  thai    An 
B  has  many  mountain  resorts;    the  trouble  is   they  are  dillicult  o 

(*p  in  the  Mogolloni  are  Blades  and    1  >ol  as  th. 

of  man  could  ask  for. 

There  ure  brook*  filled  with  trout;  there  are  mountains  covere 
with  snow,  inviting  the  adventurous  tourist  to  climb:  there  ar--  a 
things  desired  but  way  of  reaching  them. 

Were    it    not    for   this   ditlieulty  many  persons   would    visit 
more  often.      The    way  is   long   and   difficult.  -fli  is   th 

only  public  conveyance,  and  :  ver  a  luxuriant  mode  of  trave 

•ivone  can  testify  who  has  jolted  along  all  day  through  the  rock 
canons.       To   go  in  a  hu-  .ck,  or  on  foot,  ha*  also  it 

inconveniences.      Hut.    ir  1    this,    large   numbers    of   IMio-ni 

eople  find  their  wa\   every  summer  int".   the  wildest    regions    of   th 
ml   there  sp»«nd   an  excellent    time  resting,  hunting  an 
Hshing.      When    the  north    and   south  road   i<  completed  thin_ 
be  di  tie  rent. 

Rights,   Franchises  and   Lands 

Tlie  Pam  and  ('anal-head  of  the  tJila  Hend   Canal    are    located 
the  liilii   l\iver,    Ari/.onn,    about    twenty-three    miles   north   of    (nl 
Hend  Station,  on  the  Southern  Pacific  railroad,  and  at  a  point  on  th 
liila  l\iver  where  the  Me*a-l'oint  on  the  west  and  the   mounta 
the  east  bank  narrow  up  the  valley.      The  mountain  is  the   tirst    on 
on  the  east  bank  of  the  river  north  of  (Jil«  Hend  Stati<m.      The  dai 
segment  of  a  circle,  and  six    hundred    feet   long,    with    the    end 
•rely  protected  to  resist  pressure  and  wash,  and    an    embank  men 
;ibble  rock  with  puddle  linintr  1'Ji'O  feet  long,  which  tills  the  en 
tire  distance  between  the  mountain   and    Mesa  Point.     The   dam 
formed  of  piling,  driven  to  the  hard  bottom,  on  which  a   su] 


13 

ture  of  heavy  timers  is  framed  in  the  segment,  of  a  circle,  and  then 
filled  up  wit))  rubble  rock,  the  front  or  overflow  being  protected  by 
a  double  apron,  supported  and  protected  by  piling,  thus  combining  a 
timber  and  gravity  dam  in  one.  Heavy  masonry  abutment!  at  the 
east  end,  with  iron  headgates  between  and  raised  above  all  possibil- 
ity of  overflow,  constitute  the  head  of  the  canal 

The  dam  raises  the  water  twenty  feet   above   the    low    water,   and 

from  this  elevation  the  canal  line  starts.     This  elevation    raises   the 

•  •filial  above  all  overflow  or  backwater  from    floods   in    the    river,      ft 

<ove  the  flood  line  of  February,  I  SO  I,  and  even  Indian  traditions 

do  riot  exceed  that  flood. 

The  Reservoir  Franchise  covers  a  dam  and  reservoir  site,  from 
which  in  the  future  it  will  he  possible  to  irrigate  one  hundred  and 
twenty  thousand  acres  of  land.  No  finer  scheme  presents  lUelf  in 
the  I'riited  States;  its  possibilities  are  almost  beyond  imagination. 

From  its  head  the  canal  runs  in  a  southerly  direction  for  about 
twenty-two  miles,  then  it  turns  to  a  westerly  direction,  following 
the  valley  of  the  Gila  River.  The  canal  crosses  the  Southern  Pacific 
railroad  about  a  half  a  mile  above  arid  east  of  the  village  of  Gila 
Bend  and  passing  through  the  village  continues  in  full  view  from  the 
S.  I*,  ft.  R.,  and  at  ten  miles  west  of  Gila  Mend  Station,  crosses  the 
S.  P.  H.  R.,  and  from  there  west,  waters  land  each  side  of  the  S.  P. 
R.  !».,  and  from,  the  canal  to  the  Gila  River,  except  where  the  Painted 
Hock  Range  of  mountains  are. 

The  Ari/ona  Construction  <  /ompany  is  now  building  the  Gila,  Mend 
Canal,  having  a  force  of  between  six  and  seven  hundred  men  at 
work,  arid  dam  and  canal  will  be  finished  by  Jan.  I,  1S03.  This 
company  has  water  privileges  for  fifty  thousand  acres  of  land  for 
sale  at  present. 

The  value  of  the  water  depends  entirely  upon  the  value  of  the 
crops  it  produces;  it  is  therefore  of  the  first  importance  to  this  com- 
pany to  promote  the  value  of  the  crops.  One  hundred  acres  poorly 
cultivated  may  bring  the  owner  in  debt,  while  ten  acres  properly 
cultivated  can  in  a  short  time  be  made  to  yield  a  fine  income  over 
expenses,  and  after  four  years  will  average  $#)0  per  acre  or  $2,000 
annually. 

Ten  acres  in  oranges  after  four  years  brings  an  income  of  from 
$100  to  $150  per  acre,  and  after  seven  years  brings  SHOO  per  acre,  or 
'0  annually.  As  shown  by  the  preceding  statistics,  a  man  of 
moderate  means  can  plant  forty  acres  in  grapes  and  figs  at  but  little 
expense  except  his  own  labor,  or  he  can  save  part  for  oranges  and 
other  fruit,  and  after  the  second  year  his  raisins  and  figs  will  bring 
a  good  income.  By  planting  the  need  he  '-an  be  raising  seedling 
oranges  and  bud  them,  or  have  them  budded,  arid  the  fourth  year 
plant  budded  oranges,  either  among  his  vines  or  in  the  ground  reserv- 
ed for  them.  While  the  trees  are  young  they  and  the  vines  will  do 
well  together,  and  later  the  vines  can  be  removed.  If  he  has  planted 
his  entire  forty  acres  in  raisin-vines  and  figs,  at  the  end  of  three 
years  they  will  average  fully  §100  per  acre;  at  four  years  *loO  per 
acre;  and  after  that  fully  S#)0  per  acre,  or  $4,000  the  third  year, 


14 


$6,000  the  fourth,  and  $8,000  every  year  after;  his  oranges  after 
seven  years  will  average  him  $500  per  acre;  after  ten  years  his  forty 
acres  should  yield  him  from  $12,000  to  $15,000  annually. 

This  is  no  fanciful  picture;  on  the  contrary,  it  is  a  very  conserva- 
tive statement  based  upon  the  foregoing  reliable  data,  and  no  statis- 
tics are  more  reliable  than  those  on  horticulture  and  viticulture.  In 
view  of  these  facts  the  company  will  to  the  best  of  its  ability  dis- 
courage holdings  in  excess  of  forty  acres,  believing  it  to  be  for  the 
best  interests  of  all  concerned  to  have  the  lands  thoroughly  cultivat- 
ed, rather  than  by  over  holdings  to  have  poor  crops  and  inferior 
fruits.  To  obtain  and  keep  control  of  the  markets  it  is  absolutely 
essential  to  establish  and  maintain  a  high  standard  for  quality,  and 
quality  cannot  be  gained  or  maintained  except  by  intelligent  and 
thorough  cultivation. 

The  company  will  maintain  in  its  employ  persons  competent  to 
instruct  and  advise  as  to  the  best  modes  of  cultivation  and  care  of 
all  the  fruits,  whose  duty  it  shall  be  to  advise,  without  charge,  any 
and  all  asking  their  aid;  in  fact,  it  will  be  their  duty  to  inspect  and 
advise  in  the  interests  of  their  company. 

TO  THOSE  CONTEMPLATING  INVESTMENT. 

All  the  lands  watered  by  the  Grila  Bend  Canal  are  government 
lands,  and  can  be  taken  up  under  the  Homestead  or  Desert  Land 
Act.  The  Homestead  requires  actual  residence  of  five  years.  Only 
160  acres  can  be  taken  up  by  one  settler.  Under  the  Homestead 
Law  the  land  is  free. 

It  is  necessary  to  complete  "final  proof  and  payment  to  the  gov- 
ernment that  the  lands  shall  be  irrigated  by  works  of  a  permanent 
character.  No  less  than  forty  or  more  than  three  hundred  and 
twenty  acres  can  be  entered  by  one  person.  The  price  is  $1.25  per 
acre,  25c  of  which  must  be  paid  on  filing  the  claim,  and  $1  on  "final 
proof  that  the  water  is  on  the  land.  By  the  new  act  above  men- 
tioned four  years  is  allowed  before  making  "final  proof,1'  and  at  least 
one  eighth  of  the  land  must  be  cultivated. 

Under  this  new  law  assignments  are  allowed  to  any  citizen  of  the 
United  States,  and  if  the  entry-man  does  not  "prove  up,"  the  citizen 
holding  his  assignment  can. 

When  it  is  thoroughly  understood  that  the  Gila  Bend  Reservoir 
and  Irrigation  Company  own  the  only  available  site  by  and  from 
which  the  land  below  can  be  irrigated  without  fear  of  washouts  by 
floods  or  a  change  in  the  river  channel,  then  it  will  be  understood 
why  water  rights  under  it  will  be  most  valuable.  The  dam  is  be- 
tween two  mountains,  so  that  the  channel  cannot  change,  and  the 
canal  is  taken  out  from  the  side  of  the  mountain,  and  it  is  impos- 
sible for  the  water  of  any  flood  to  get  behind  it  or  around  it. 

"When  irrigation  is  employed  the  production  is  almost  wholly  in 
the  hands  of  men  often  of  some,  education  and  some  capital,  who 
have  found  an  attractive  field  for  the  exercise  of  their  intelligence 
in  bringing  small  allotments  into  a  condition  of  the  highest  pro- 
ductiveness.1' 


15 


For  ages  past  the  cultivation  of  fruits  has  been  the  occupation  of 
intelligent  gentlemen.  The  horticulturist  and  members  of  horticul- 
tural societies  are,  as  a  rule,  educated  and  refined. 

Are  you  inclined  to  consumption?  There  is  no  country  under  the 
sun  to  which  you  can  go  with  half  the  certainty  of  being  benefited. 
There  is  no  pursuit  that  will  be  better  suited  to  your  health  than 
fruit  raising.  You  need  the  outdoor  life,  and  by  the  fifth  year  you 
will  forget  that  you  were  ever  troubled  with  consumption,  provided 
you  have  not  waited  too  long  before  making  up  your  mind  to  go 
there.  Thousands  die  because  they  do  not  go,  and  hundreds  wait 
until  there  is  not  enough  vitality  left  to  build  up  on.  Hundreds 
have  gone  in  time  and  been  cured.  If  you  know  that  you  are 
troubled  with  consumption,  pick  up  and  go;  do  not  wait  for  to-mor- 
row; it  is  the  land  that  will  give  you  health,  life  and  independence. 

The  Gila  river  carries  fully  1,100  cubic  feet  per  second,  past  the 
point  where  the  dam  is,  or  enough  for  double  the  amount  of  land  at 
present  proposed  to  be  irrigated. 

Hon.  Alfred  Deakin,  M.  P.,  in  his  report  before  referred  to,  says: 

uPossibly  a  better  idea  of  the  importance  of  water  than  can  be  de- 
rived from  any  list  of  purchases  and  rentals  in  particular  places  may 
be  obtained  by  a  glance  at  its  capital  value.  It  has  been  calcula- 
ted that  the  flow  of  a  cubic  foot  per  second  for  the  irrigating 
season  of  all  future  years  is  worth  from  £15  to  £25  per  acre  in 
grain  or  grazing  country  to  £30  in  fruit  lands.  This  is  the  price 
paid  to  supply  such  a  stream  to  a  special  piece  of  land  as  long  as 
the  farmer  may  think  necessary,  the  knowledge  that  an  excess  of 
water  will  ruin  his  crop  being  the  only  limit.  But  if  a  flow  of 
a  cubic  foot  per  second  were  bought  in  perpetuity,  without  any 
limit  as  to  acreage,  it -would  be  worth  at  least  £8000— $40,000.  ' 

WATER   FRANCHISES. 

The  Company  offers  at  present  perpetual  water  franchise  at  $17.50 
per  acre  on  time,  or  $15.00  cash.  The  land  under  this  canal  is  equal 
to  California's  best  raisin  or  orange  land,  held  at  from  $200  to  $400 
The  land  in  the  Gila  valley  is  all  government  land  and  can  be  taken 
up  at  $1.25  per  acre,  25  cents  on  filing,  and  the  balance  on  "final 
proof,"  which  must  be  within  four  years  from  original  entry,  Land 
office  fees,  making  u  final  proof,1'  including  ditching  for  flooding  the 
land  and  cultivating  one  eighth  of  the  land  with  water,  will  cost  not 
to  exceed  $4  per  acre.  The  annual  rental  for  the  first  five  years  will 
be  $1.25  per  acre. 

Where  water  rights  are  sold  on  time,  the  first  payment  shall  be 
over  $5  in  cash.  Deferred  payments  bear  8  per  cent,  interest. 

The  object  of  extending  the  second  payment  to  two  years  is  to 
afford  the  settler  an  opportunity  to  derive  an  income  from  his  land 
before  making  another  payment.  When  all  cash  is  paid,  the  Com- 
pany makes  the  liberal  discount  of  $2.50  per  acre. 

These  water  privileges  are  sold  at  these  remarkably  low  figures 
in  order  that  the  money  may  be  used  in  completing  the  canal  and 


16 

are  intended  to  give  the  early  investor  his  due  proportion  of  the 
profits  of  the  enterprise.  The  price  will  undoubtedly  be  consider- 
ably advanced  within  a  few  months. 

AS    A    HOME    OR   AN   INVESTMENT. 

If  you  saw  an  acre  of  land  that  you  could  buy  now  for  $18,  and 
could  be  convinced  that  within  five  years  it  would  bring  you  from 
$200  to  $500,  would  you  buy  it?  Certainly  you  would. 

Most  men  invest  in  life  insurance — a  game  in  which  you  have  to 
die  to  win.  Is  there  any  life  insurance  that  offers  from  $200  to  $500 
at  the  end  of  five  years,  on  an  investment  of  $18?  None. 

Of  course,  if  you  could  be  convinced  that  the  land  that  can  be 
bought  now  for  $18  would  be  worth  even  $200  in  five  years,  you 
would  be  anxious  to  invest. 

The  fact  that  California  was  a  desert  only  a  few  years  ago  where 
now  grow  rich  vineyards  and  orange  groves,  is  a  fact  that  every 
well-informed  man  is  fully  acquainted  with. 

Now  the  question  left  is  to  convince  you  that  the  Arizona  lands 
are  the  equal  of  the  California  lands  that  produce  these  results. 

If  you  and  your  neighbor  had  a  field  in  common,  and  every  ap- 
pearance of  the  field  indicating  that  it  was  all  of  the  same  character 
of  ground,  and  after  a  time  you  and  your  neighbor  each  take  a  half 
and  put  up  a  dividing  fence  and  he  proceeds  to  cultivate  his  half  and 
produces  a  very  profitable  crop;  such  being  the  facts,  theie  could  be 
no  question  in  your  mind  but  what  you  using  the  same  means,  could 
do  equally  well  with  your  half.  Our  neighbors  at  Phoenix  above,  and 
Yuma  below,  are  cultivating  what  was  a  common  field,  they  all  being 
in  the  Gila  Valley,  and  we  present  you  their  testimony  as  to  their 
productions.  Water  rights  are  now  selling  at  Yuma  freely  at  $250 
per  acre. 

In  fact,  the  evidence  we  give  you  is  convincing  beyond  question, 
not  only  that  we  have  land  equal  to  California,  but  superior  to  Cali- 
fornia, and  that  our  seasons  are  from  three  to  six  tveeks  in  advance  of 
those  of  California,  and  the  fruits  superior  in  quality,  due  to  the  fact 
that  all  fruit-raisers  will  recognize — we  have  no  fogs  and  little  or  no 
rain  during  the  ripening  of  the  fruits. 

The  following  extracts  from  the  Irrigation  Edition  of  the  Chron- 
icle of  June  17th,  1891,  show  the  wonderful  jump  in  land  values 
from  the  moment  water  is  a  possibility;  of  the  Bear  Valley  lands  it 
says: 

These  lands  furnish  a  marked  illustration  of  the  immense  increase 
in  values  brought  about  through  irrigation.  So  long  as  there  was 
no  prospect  that  they  would  ever  be  supplied  with  water  they  could 
not  be  sold  for  as  much  as  $5  an  acre.  Just  as  soon  as  it  was  dem- 
onstrated that  water  could  be  put  on  them  they  were  eagerly  bought 
up  at  $20  to  $40  an  acre,  and  as  soon  as  the  plans  were  made  for 
rmtting  the  water  on  the  land  thousands  of  acres  were  sold  at  from 
$60  to  $100.  Before  a  drop  of  water  was  actually  in  sight,  over 
8000  acres  had  been  sold  at  the  range  of  prices  mentioned,  and  ti 
value  has  been  steadily  increasing  ever  since. 


17 

ALESSANDRO    DISTRICT. 

Prior  to  the  organization  of  the  district  and  the  discovery  of  a  fea- 
sible source  of  supply,  this  land  was  slow  or  almost  impossible  of 
sale  at  from  $5  to  $10  an  acre.  As  soon  as  it  was  learned  that  water 
could  be  obtained  the  price  went  to  $50,  and  now  that  water  has 
been  put  on  the  land,  the  selling  price  is  $100  to  $150  an  acre.  Yet 
the  water  cost  but  $30  an  acre. 

COME    TO    ARIZONA. 

There  are  thousands  who  would  better  their  condition  a  thousand 
fold  if  they  would  come  here  where  they  could  reasonably  expect 
to  succeed  in  life. 

If  the  reader  of  these  lines  is  strong,  able-bodied,  energetic,  full 
of  hope  and  not  afraid  to  work,  Arizona  offers  better  inducements 
than  does  any  other  new  country. 

"  There  is  a  tide  in  the  affairs  of  men  that,  taken  at  the  flood,  leads 
on  to  fortune."  The  tide  that  leads  most  men  to  fortune  is,  begin- 
ning at  bed-rock,  and  growing  up  with  the  country. 

The  possibilities  of  Arizona  are  just  beginning  to  be  known,  and 
when  once  known  her  development  will  be  rapid. 

Having  climatic  conditions  similar  to  those  of  Southern  Califor- 
nia, but  better,  our  pioneers  will  have  the  benefit  of  their  experience, 
and  be  able  to  accomplish  more  in  five  years  than  they  did  in  ten. 

It  is  the  invariable  custom  of  writers  to  refer  to  all  arid  lands  as  a 
desert,  and  to  magnify  those  features  which  might  in  a  measure  jus- 
tify its  being  so  classed. 

This  is  not  warranted  by  the  facts.  The  bare  appearance  of  unirri- 
gated  lands  is  in  no  sense  due  to  any  lack  of  fertility,  but  entirely 
to  the  light  winter  rainfall,  which  is  frequently  insufficient  to  ma- 
ture even  hay  or  grain  crops;  these  lands  are  simply  dormant  not 
desert.  The  so-called  American  desert  will,  wherever  water  cam  be 
obtained  for  it,  eventually  disappear  before  the  enterprising  irrigator. 

Corn  may  be  king  in  Iowa  and  Kansas,  cotton  in  Mississippi  and 
Georgia,  whiskey  in  Kentucky,  but  in  Arizona  king  water  wears  a 
more  honored  crown,  and  sits  more  firmly  on  his  throne  than  any 
monarch  in  the  world. 

"RAMONA,  CAL.,  July  18,  1888." 

"DEAR  SIR:  In  compliance  with  your  request,  I  herewith  submit 
to  you  my  views  of  the  Salt  River  Valley,  agriculturally,  horticult- 
urally,  and  viticulturally.  It  may  be  granted  without  argument,  or 
appeal  to  historic  records,  or  the  proofs  furnished  in  various  parts 
of  the  world  at  the  present  time,  that  the  country,  which  is  a 
natural  wheat  country,  producing  a  fair  yield  of  average  quality 
of  wheat,  is  one  that  is  capable  of  supporting  a  very  large  popu- 
lation to  the  acreage;  and  if  should  be  added  to  this  a  capacity  of 
producing  the  other  cereals  in  equal  excellence,  a  greater  value  nec- 
essarily attaches  to  such  a  country,  and  its  lands  must  in  time  in- 
crease in  value  and  its  owners  in  wealth  and  importance.  That 
quality  of  land  and  climate  which  produces  good  wheat  may  be  then 
considered  as  forming  the  solid  basis  on  which  the  natural  wealth 
can  be  founded;  and  just  in  proportion  as  it  is  capable  of  producing 


18 


other  products  of  value,  either  of  necessity  or  luxury,  is  its  natural 
wealth  increased.  Only  a  small  area  of  the  cultivable  world  pro- 
duces the  higher  soil  productions,  which  may  be  considered  luxuries 
as  far  as  the  maintenance  of  human  life  is  concerned,  and  yet  have 
by  reason  of  their  general  introduction  and  use  become  necessities, 
the  deprivation  of  which  would  make  the  lives  of  civilized  men 
almost  intolerable. 

''Now,  to  the  practical  man,  what  are  the  facts  presented  for  «his 
consideration  respecting  the  Salt  River  Valley? 

"First.  The  climatic  conditions  are  not  excelled  anywhere;  the 
temperature,  either  in  summer  or  winter,  is  faultless,  and  the  health 
of  its  people  could  not  be  improved.  There  are  no  malarious  con- 
ditions to  produce  fevers  in  summer,  nor  are  those  rapid  changes  in- 
cidental and  common  to  other  parts  of  America  in  winter,  producing 
colds,  pneumonia  and  consumption,  present  at  Phoenix  and  Salt 
River  Valley.  The  excessive  heat  of  the  summer  months  is  more 
imaginary  than  real,  being  in  fact  not  as  hot  as  it  is  in  many 
parts  of  the  Sacramento,  San  Joaquin  and  upper  portions  of  Napa 
or  Sonoma  Valleys  of  California,  and  in  no  wise  equaling  the 
Mississippi  Valley.  The  quality  of  the  temperature,  being  entirely 
dry,  makes  even  the  hottest  day  tolerable  in  the  open  sun,  while 
a  lower  temperature  in  any  of  the  Eastern  States  or  Canada  would 
not  only  be  intolerable,  but  dangerous  to  human  life. 

"Second.  I  have  seen  wheat  growing  under  the  very  best  con- 
ditions, in  the  finest  wheat  producing  sections  of  America,  and  am 
familiar  with  the  records  of  competing  sections  in  Europe,  Asia, 
and  Egypt,  and  have  no  hesitation  in  asserting  that  Salt  River 
Valley  surpasses  the  world  in  its  wheat  production,  both  in  quality 
and  quantity.  With  equal  truth  can  I  say  the  same  as  to  its  bar- 
ley and  rye.  Kern  Island,  in  Kern  County  of  this  State,  is  ac- 
knowledged to  be  the  best  alfalfa  section  in  California,  and  yet, 
in  comparison  with  the  production  of  the  Salt  River  Valley,  it 
cannot  be  considered.  HORTICULTURALLY  CONSIDERED,  THE  SALT 
RIVER  VALLEY  1  BELIEVE  EXCELS  ANY  OTHER  PORTION  OF  THE  WORLD 
known  to  civilized  man.  Every  variety  of  fruit  tree  I  saw  growing 
showed  such  evidence  of  luxurious  health  as  are  not  observable  in 
any  other  section  that  I  am  familiar  with,  personally  or  by  sta- 
tistics. A  close  examination  of  the  growing  trees  failed  to  show 
any  disease  due  to  climatic  or  soil  conditions,  and  as  to  insect 
pests  that  are  so  troublesome  and  injurious  elsewhere,  you  are  en- 
tirely from  them. 

Third.  THE  VITICULTURAL  POSSIBILITIES  OF  YOUR  SECTION  ARE  BE- 
YOND ANY  MAN'S  COMPREHENSION.  From  a-11  the  evidences  furnished 
me  by  the  growing  vines,  1  must  say  here  is  the  natural  home  of 
the  vine,  for  they  attain  a  greater  size  in  the  short  space  of  two 
years  than  they  do  in  this  State  in  five  years,  the  yield  correspond- 
ing to  their  growth  and  size. 

"The  irrigating  facilities  are  not  excelled  anywhere,  and  this 
system  of  agriculture,  which  insures  the  laborer  against  all  loss  by 
reason  of  the  uncertainty  of  the  seasons,  can  be  more  economically 
followed  in  the  Grila  Valley  than  anywhere  in  Europe  or  America. 


19 


Considering  every  factor  that  goes  to  make  a  country  great  and 
prosperous,  I  believe  you  are  more  particularly  blessed  than  any 
other  portion  of  the  world's  surface.  All  that  Egypt  can  claim  in 
the  way  of  natural  advantages,  which  made  her  the  granery  of  the 
world  for  ages,  you  may  also  claim  in  greater  abundance,  and 
while  civilization  had  its  origin  in  the  Nile  by  reason  of  its  agricul- 
tural conditions,  it  should  have  its  highest  achievement  in  the  Gila 
Valley  for  the  same  reason. 

Very  truly  yours, 

J.  DE  EARTH  SHORE." 

The  Lower  Gila  Valley,  where  the  Gila  Bend  Canal  and  lands  are 
situated,  is  but  the  continuation  in  a  southwesterly  direction  of  the 
Salt  River  Valley,  and  is  more  beautiful,  freer  from  frost  and 
freezing,  and  will  produce  its  fruit  crops  some  weeks  earlier  in 
the  season. 

The  following  extract  from  a  report  on  American  irrigation  to 
the  Governor  of  the  Australian  colony  of  Victoria,  made  by  the 
Hon.  Alfred  Deakin,  M.  P.,  Chairman  of  the  Royal  Commission 
on  Water  Supply,  1884-85,  is  one  made  after  most  thorough  in- 
vestigation, and  certainly  with  no  intention  of  overstating  our 
American  industries.  It  is  full  of  good  sense  and  good  suggestions: 

"FRUIT  RAISING  BY  IRRIGATION. 

"But  the  products  for  which  irrigation  is  most  necessary,  and 
in  which  it  yields  the  largest,  are  grapes  and  fruit.  When  irri- 
gation is  employed,  the  production  is  almost  wholly  in  the  hands 
of  small  proprietors — MEN  OF  SOME  EDUCATION  AND  SOME  CAPITAL 
who  have  found  an  attractive  field  for  the  exercise  of  their  intelli- 
gence in  bringing  small  allotments  into  a  condition  of  high  pro- 
ductiveness. 

"Judging  by  the  results  obtained  in  Southern  California,  to  which 
this  class  of  cultivation  is  as  yet  chiefly  confined,  it  has  not  proved 
an  unprofitable  speculation. 

"TWENTY  ACRES  UNDER  YINES  OR  FRUIT  ARE  PREFERRED  TO  160 
ACRES  UNDER  GRAIN.  There  is  more  regular  employment  and  more 
regular  leisure,  with  less  stress  at  a  particular  season  for  adult  labor. 
An  acre  in  raisins  was  reckoned  as  valuable  as  five  acres  of  wheat, 
when  the  price  of  wheat  was  nearly  twice  as  much  as  it  is  now. 
*********** 

The  lemon  tree  is  more  tender  than  the  orange,  and  hence  the 
acreage  suitable  to  lemon  culture  is  more  limited  than  that  which  is 
adapted  to  the  orange.  So  far  as  the  crop  is  concerned,  however, 
the  lemon  has  an  advantage  over  the  orange  because  it  is  largely 
picked  in  November  and  December,  before  the  heavy  frosts  are  liable 
to  come,  while  the  orange  hangs  on  the  tree  all  winter,  and  is  there- 
fore subject  to  all  the  cold  weather  that  we  liable  to  have. 

A  location  with  a  suitable  climate  having:  been  found,  the  ques- 
tion of  water  becomes  important — very  important.  The  Dutchman's 
statement,  relative  to  his  lager  beer,  is  applicable  in  this  connection. 
He  said:  uToo  much  lager  beer  is  shust  right,"  and  the  man  who 


20 

gets  too  much  water  for  his  orange  or  lemon  orchard  will  some  day 
discover  that  it  is  just  right.  If  you  have  too  much  water  you  don't 
have  to  use  it,  but  if  you  don't  have  enough  the  situation  is  a  serious 
one. 

Our  Arizona  soil  is,  as  a  rule,  naturally  rich,  and  hence  does  not 
need  as  much  fertilizing  as  does  the  clear,  sandy  soils  of  Florida, 
and  yet  the  man  who  attempts  to  raise  either  oranges  or  lemons 
without  the  free  use  of  the  best  fertilizers  makes  a  costly  mistake. 
As  well  might  a  man  attempt  to  eternally  check  against  a  bank  ac- 
count without  making  any  deposits.  A  man  who  attempts  to  draw 
either  upon  the  soil  or  the  bank  without  making  deposits  equal  to 
his  drafts  will  soon  find  that  his  drafts  in  either  case  will  be  dis- 
honored. 

Get  a  good  place  to  put  both  trees  and  fertilizers  and  do  not  for- 
get the  latter  if  you  would  expect  the  former  to  prove  a  good  invest- 
ment. 

l<  In  a  few  years  fruit  culture  promises  to  become  the  chief  indus- 
try in  the  farming  valleys  of  Arizona.  There  are  few  countries  that 
possess  the  soil  and  climate  so  well  suited  to  the  business.  Already 
farmers  are  discovering  that  there  is  more  money  in  fruit  than  in 
raising  of  grains  and  grasses.  The  rapid  growth  and  marvelous  yield 
is  a  prime  factor  in  inducing  people  to  engage  in  the  pursuit. 

It  is  unsatisfactory  to  talk  about  profits.  There  is  a  case  on  rec- 
ord of  $1800  an  acre;  Riverside  can  furnish  proofs  of  $1000,  $1100 
and  $1200  an  acre;  but  it  would  be  very  difficult  to  get  at  the  aver- 
age net  profit.  If  I  had  capital  I  would  not  hesitate  to  offer  for  all 
bearing,  complete,  well  cared  for  orchards  of  good  varieties,  $300 
per  acre  in  advance  for  the  next  ten  years,  or  $3000  cash  per  acre  for 
the  property.  For  ten  years  to  come  I  believe  choice  oranges  will 
bring  good  prices.  If  the  growers  are  not  fools  they  will  get  their 
just  share  of  the  profits. 

The  fact  that  these  lands  lay  immediately  along  this  great  trans- 
continental railroad  is  of  itself  a  great  advantage  to  settlers. 

It  is  impossible  to  insist  too  strongly  on  the  great  advantages  of 
being  in  the  Gila  Valley,  500  miles  nearer  the  eastern  market  than 
Southern  California.  Fruit  being  carried  through  the  Indian  desert 
from  California  is  exposed  to  intense  heat  by  which  great  loss  is 
often  incurred,  while  twelve  hours  from  Gila  Bend  will  carry  fruit 
to  cooler  weather.  As  it  can  be  shipped  in  the  cool  hours  of  the 
night,  it  need  not  be  exposed  to  heat  at  all.  This  advantage  added 
to  the  fact  that  fruit  matures  in  Arizona  from  four  to  six  weeks  ear- 
lier than  in  California,  establishes  the  claim  of  the  Gila  Valley  to  the 
pre-eminence  over  all  other  places  for  successful  fruit  culture. 

The  Special  Committee  of  the  U.  S.  Senate,  Report  928,  Part  I, 
May  5,  1890,  page  60,  after  seeing  Southern  California,  and  all  the 
arid  and  irrigable  region,  say  of  these  Gila  Valley  lands: 

u  Within  our  border  there  cannot  be  found  a  soil  so  uniformly  fer- 
tile and  so  capable  of  varied  production  under  irrigation  as  that  of  the 
valleys  of  the  Gila,  Salt  and  Santa  Cruz  rivers,  in  southern  and  cen- 
tral Arizona.'" 


21 

Enough  data  has  been  obtained  to  warrant  the  assertion  that  the 
lower  Gila  Valley  will  be  the  great  citrus  belt  of  Arizona,  possibly  of 
the  United  States.  A  large  tract  of  over  100,000  acres  of  the  very 
choicest  of  this  land  is  now  being  placed  upon  the  market  for  settle- 
ment and  improvement.  This  large  body  of  land  is  a  high  and  level 
mesa,  or  tableland,  having  an  elevation  of  750  feet  above  sea  level 
and  from  100  to  200  feet  above  the  waters  of  the  Gila  river.  The 
surface  is  smooth  and  level,  with  just  enough  fall  toward  the  river  to 
admit  of  perfect  irrigation.  No  leveling  is  necessary,  a  very  im- 
portant feature  where  irrigation  is  required. 

The  soil  is  a  warm  chocolate-colored,  sandy  or  gravely  loam,  recog- 
nized by  the  highest  authority  to  be  the  best  soil  in  the  world  for 
the  production  of  the  orange  to  perfection.  Soil  of  this  character  is 
much  more  easily  worked,  and  is  believed  to  require  less  water  than 
the  heavier  clay  or  adobe  soils. 

The  water  supply  is  obtained  from  the  Gila  river  through  a  canal 
some  forty  miles  in  length,  and  large  enough  to  carry  water  suf- 
ficient to  irrigate  120,000  acres. 

Tn  countries  where  irrigation  is  a  necessity,  the  projectors  of  the 
water  systems  are  too  often  either  short-sighted  or  else  governed  by 
selfish  motives  to  such  a  degree  that  they  limit  the  supply  of  water 
to  the  smallest  amount  possible  necessary  to  produce  a  crop,  which, 
in  every  instance,  is  a  mistake  that  must  sooner  or  later  be  remedied. 
There  must  be  an  abundant  water  supply,  if  good  results  are  to  be 
obtained. 

A  water  franchise,  or  right,  under  this  system  consists  of  one  cubic 
foot  per  second  continuous  flow  with  each  160  acres  of  land,  or 
almost  an  inch  to  three  acres,  which  is  considered  to  be  an  ample 
supply  for  all  purposes. 

By  comparing  with  the  following  figures  it  will  be  seen  that  the 
supply  is  liberal,  and  is  more  than  in  many  of  the  most  successful 
irrigated  colonies. 

Hon.  Alfred  Deakin,  M.  P.,  chairman  of  the  Royal  Commission  on 
Water  Supply,  1884-85,  in  his  report  to  the  governor  of  the  Austra- 
lian colony  of  Victoria,  gives  the  following  data  : 

"  Taking  the  flow  of  one  cubic  foot  to  the  second  without  making 
allowances  for  differing  rainfalls,  this  supplies  San  Gabriel,  Cal.,  120 
acres  ;  Fresno,  Cal.,  160  ;  India,  150  to  200  acres  ;  Los  Angeles  and 
Anaheim,  Cal.,  rather  over  200  acres  ;  Riverside,  Cal.,  nearly  300 
acres  ;  Ontario,  Redlands,  Cal.,  Algeria  and  parts  of  India,  400  acres  ; 
Sierra  Madre,  Cal.,  580  acres  ;  Spain,  as  high  as  1,000  acres  ;  Pasa- 
dena, Cal.,  1,665  acres,  and  by  sub-irrigation,  according  to  one  or  two 
experiments,  from  1,500  to  9,000  acres." 

This  great  difference  can  be  accounted  for,  first,  by  the  different 
character  of  soils  ;  second,  by  the  difference  of  crops  ;  and,  thirdly, 
by  difference  in  judgment  of  its  use.  A  sandy  soil  will  take  more 
than  a  clay  soil,  and  some  crops  more  than  others. 

It  is  believed  that  one  cubic  foot  per  second  to  160  acres,  is  an 
ample  allowance  in  Arizona. 

One  cubic  foot  of  water  per  second  to  160  acres  is  the  amount  that 
the  company  have  decided  upon  for  present  use. 


22 

In  an  acre  of  ground  there  are  43,560  square  feet.  At  one  cubic 
foot  a  second  it  would,  therefore,  take  43,560  seconds  to  flood  the 
land  one  foot  deep,  43,560=726=12TV  hours  for  one  acre  x  160 
acres  would  take  160  x  12^=  1,936  hours,  equal  to  80|  days  to  be 
flooded  one  foot  deep.  In  one  year  160  acres  would  receive  as  many 
feet  of  water  as  80§  days  is  to  365  days,  or  4J  feet  of  water  per  year. 
In  fruit  orchards  not  exceeding  one-half  of  the  land  is  flooded. 
What  is  flooded  ivould,  therefore,  receive  nine  feet  of  water  per  year. 

This  is  a  perpetual  water  right  deeded  with  the  land,  and  not  sep- 
arable from  the  land  upon  which  it  becomes  attached. 

The  Southern  Pacific  Railroad  crosses  these  lands,  two  stations 
being  under  the  line  of  the  canal  —  Gila  Bend  and  Painted  Rock  — 
the  former  being  the  end  of  a  division  and  an  eating  station. 

The  Santa  Fe  system  is  now  building  a  road  from  a  station  on  the 
Atlantic  and  Pacific  to  Phoenix,  and  it  is  fully  believed  that  by  the 
time  that  point  is  reached  they  will  continue  on  down  through  this 
valley  to  some  point  on  the  coast,  and,  in  doing  so,  will  pass  through 
the  lands  of  this  company.  The  development  of  these  lands  will 
create  a  vast  amount  of  business  for  the  railroad,  and  other  towns 
will  also  spring  up  to  accommodate  the  settlers  upon  the  vast  body 
of  land  between  these  two  stations,  which  are  eighteen  miles  apart  ; 
and  should  the  Santa  Fe  Railroad  cross  the  Southern  Pacific  over 
these  lands,  it  would  not  be  a  wild  assertion  to  predict  that  the 
largest  city  of  Arizona  would  grow  up  at  that  point,  which  would, 
without  question,  become  the  county  seat  of  a  new  county  that  could 
be  sliced  from  this  overgrown  county  and  hardly  be  missed,  a  result 
that  would  be  better  for  both  the  old  and  the  new. 

These  mammoth-like  counties  must  eventually  be  divided  into 
smaller,  and  the  sooner  it  is  done  the  better.  Along  the  line  of  the 
canal  at  different  points  water  power  can  be  obtained  for  electric 
light  plants,  ice  or  other  manufacturing  purposes. 

The  whole  tract  of  land  will  be  carefully  laid  out  with  broad 
streets  and  avenues,  and  some  of  the  principal  drives  will  be  graded 
this  winter,  and  double  rows  of  beautiful  semi-tropical  trees  planted 
on  either  side. 

MR.  WM.  S.  LYOK,  Los  Angeles. — The  olive  makes  a  good  street 
tree,  its  foliage  being  a  beautiful  green  which  does  not  carry  the 
dust,  and  it  can  be  trimmed  several  feet  from  the  ground  as  it  ma 
tures  without  necessarily  marring  its  beauty.  Its  longevity  is  pro- 
verbial and  its  drouth  resisting  qualities  are  well  known;  besides 
these  virtues  it  has  a  commercial  value  in  its  fruit.  The  English 
walnut  is  only  perfect  under  favorable  conditions.  It  cannot  with- 
stand a  drouth,  and  unless  cared  for  and  in  a  deep  loamy  soil,  many 
of  the  outer  branches  die.  Neglected  trees  in  Los  Angeles  do  not 
do  well. 

Some  varieties  of  Eucalypti  are  in  every  way  superior  to  the  pep- 
per as  a  shade  tree,  with  none  of  its  objections.  They  afford  a  vari- 
ety and  beauty  of  bloom  that  would  in  a  short  time  beautify  our 
streets  and  highways  and  afford  a  comforting  shade  for  man  or  beast. 


23 

A  Few  Questions  Answered. 

1.  What  is  the  climate?     Semi-tropical,  with  little  or  no  frost, 
and  moderate  rainfall  in  the  winter. 

2.  What  is  the  summer  temperature?     In  June,  July  and  Aug- 
ust from  90  to  110  degrees,  with  occasional  extremes  of  115  to  118 
degrees,  with  cooler  nights,  but  not  the  great  change  so  noticeable 
in  California. 

3.  Are  sunstrokes  frequent?     They  are  never  known. 

4.  How  does  the  same  degree  of  heat  affect  one  in  Arizona  as 
compared  with  other  States?     A  temperature  of  95  degrees  in  the 
Atlantic  States  has  an  effect  far  more  prostrating  and  dangerous  to 
comfort  and  life  than  115  degrees  in  Arizona. 

5.  What  is  the  cause  of  this  difference?     The  dryness  of  the  at- 
mosphere. 

6.  How  are  lung  or  throat  troubles  affected?     Favorably;   they 
are  alleviated  in  the  worst  cases,  and  cured  in  most  others. 

7.  To  what  productions  is  the  climate  adapted?      Citrus  and  de- 
citrous  fruits,  grain,   hay,   vegetables,  sugar  cane,  sugar  beets  and 
cotton. 

8.  What  are  the  principal  characteristics  of  the  soil?     Alluvial 
deposits  in  the  low  lands;  decomposed  granite  on  the  mesas. 

9.  What  hay  crops  are  raised?     Alfalfa  and  barley ;  alfalfa  being 
the  most  productive,  which,  with  proper  irrigation,  is  cut  from  five 
to  eight  times  during  the  season,  yielding  six  to  ten  tons  of  superior 
hay,  worth  from  $6  to  $10  per  ton. 

10.  What  are  the  principal  fruits  grown?     Citrus  and  deciduous. 

11.  What  are  citrus  fruits?     The  citron,  lime,  lemon,  orange  and 
kindred  fruits. 

12.  What  are  deciduous  fruits?     Apple,  pear,  peach,  plum,  apri- 
cot, nectarine,  fig,  grapes  and  other  leaf  shedding  fruits. 

13.  What   is  the  leading  market  fruit?     The  orange  and    the 
raisin. 

14.  Is  the  acreage  to  orange  culture  being  enlarged?     It  is,  and 
very  rapidly. 

15.  Is  there  not  danger  of  over-production?     The  orange  crop  of 
1891,  estimated  at  130,000,000,  would  barely  give  each  person  in  the 
United  States  an  orange  once  in  six  months.     With  the  rapidly  in- 
creasing home  market,  and  displacement  of  imported   fruit,   a   hun- 
dred fold  increase  of  orange  production  in  the   next  ten  years   will 
not   equal   the   demand.       The    area  of  laud  capable  of   producing 
oranges,  lemons  and  raisins,  is  very  limited.     That  in    California   is 
already   developed,   except  a  little  that  will  hereafter  be  irrigated  at 
an   expense   of  hundreds  of  dollars  per  acre.     In  southern  Arizona, 
New  Mexico   and    Texas,  there  are  not  properly  more  than  1500  or 
2000   square   miles  with    suitable   climate  and  soil,  and  with  water 
within  an  available  distance. 

16.  How  about  over  producing  in  other  fruits?     The  same  line 
of  reasoning  and  estimate  leads  to  the  same  conclusion.    The  fruit 
business  is  but  in  its  infancy. 


24 

17.  What  can  good  orange  land   be  bought  for?     Good  orange 
land  in  California  is  worth  from  $100  to  $500  per  acre,  yet  we  are 
offering  what  we  have  reason  to  believe  is  as  good  orange  land  at  $20 
per  acre — only  until  these  lands  become  known,  when  they  will   ad- 
vance to  their  true  value. 

18.  You  ask  what  makes  this  difference  in  value?     Quality  of 
soil,  climatic  conditions,  proximity  to  town  and  railroad,  and  lastly, 
the  reputation  of  the  location. 

19.  What  is  the  cost  per  acre  of  setting  out  an  orange  orchard? 
For  preparation  of  ground,  trees   and  labor,   of  setting   out,  from 
$100  to  $150  per  acre. 

20.  Is  the  cost  decreasing?     It  is;  owing  to  improved  methods 
slightly,  but  mainly  to  reduced  cost  of  trees  as  the  supply  increases. 

21.  What  is  the  cost  of  caring  for  a  producing  orchard?     From 
$20  to  $25  per  acre  annually. 

22.  How  many  years  after  planting  before  the  orange  tree  be- 
gins to  bear?     Three  to  five  years. 

23.  What  is  the   value   of  the  product  per  acre  after  the  tree 
begins  to  bear?      At  present  prices,  from  $75    to  $100  after  the 
fourth  year,  and  after  the  seventh  or  eighth  year  from  $300  to  $400 
depending  upon  circumstances. 

24.  What  do  older  orchards  pay?     At  twelve  to  fifteen  years  of 
age  and  upwards  from  $500  to  $800,   and  occasionally   $1,000  per 
acre? 

25.  Is  the  orange  tree  hardy?     It  is  one  of  the  hardiest  fruit 
trees. 

26.  Are  the  profits  as  large  on  other  fruits?     The  lemon  prom- 
ises to  rival  the  orange  in  some  localities. 

27.  How  do  the  Arizona  oranges  compare   with    California  and 
Florida  oranges?     Some  of  the  finest  oranges  in  the  United  States 
have  been  grown  near  Phoenix  in  this  valley,  where  they  ripen  from 
four  to  six  weeks  earlier  than  in  California,  thus  avoiding  competi- 
tion with  the  California  orange,  and  the  land   near   Gila   Bend   are 
much  freerer  from  frost  and  produce  earlier  than  those  near  Phoenix. 

2s.  For  what  are  olives  grown?  For  pickles  and  oil.  The  olive 
industry  is  yet  in  its  infancy,  but  bids  fair  of  being,  before  many 
years,  one  of  the  leading  branches  of  horticulture  in  Southern  Cali- 
fornia and  Arizona. 

29.  What  are  the  leading  and  most  profitable  varieties  of  decidu- 
ous fruits  raised?  Apricots,  peaches,  grapes,  prunes  and  figs.  The 
raisin  grape  is  grown  to  perfection,  and  the  drying  is  done  in  the 
sun,  producing  a  raisin  equal  to  the  finest  imported  product.  » 

80.  What  is  the  leading  nut  crop?  The  almond;  it  matures  and 
fruits  earlier  here  than  in  any  other  part  of  the  United  States.  No 
other  tree  requires  so  little  care  or  expense. 

31.  What  are  the  inducements  materially  for  immigration   to 
Arizona?     The  very  low  price  of  land  with  water,  and  the  certainty 
of  large  returns  under  proper  care  and  cultivation. 

32.  Why  should  Southern  California  and   Arizona  become    the 
fruit  packing  center  of  the   world?     Because  it  produces  its    own 


25 

tin  and  sugar,  and  its  fruit  is  of  the  best  quality.  The  completion 
of  the  Nicaraugua  canal  will  provide  cheap  transportation  to  the 
markets  of  the  east  and  the  world. 

33.  How  many  acres  of  good  land   with  water  will  support  an 
average  family  comfortably  in  Arizona?     Fifteen  to  twenty. 

34.  What  inducements  are  offered  to  the  dairyman?     Dairy  pro- 
ducts find  a  ready  market  at  higher  prices.     Alfalfa  and  vegetables 
are  easily  raised,  and  make  the  best  of  feed. 

Come  to  Arizona. 

WHY  SHOULD  THE  EMIGRANTS  Do  So? — REASONS  SET  FORTH  WHY 

HE  AS  WELL  AS    THE  CAPITALIST    SHOULD  SETTLE  IN    THE    TERRI- 
TORY— WHY  THE  EMIGRANT  SHOULD  COME  TO  ARIZONA. 

Because  the  soil  is  fertile  and  prolific. 

Because  land  is  abundant  and  cheap. 

Because  a  home  can  be  made  with  little  labor. 

Because  so  great  a  variety  of  products  can  be  grown. 

Because  there  are  chances  for  a  poor  man  which  he  can  never  hope 
to  find  in  older  countries. 

Because  the  country  is  advancing,  and  property  values  are  increas- 
ing. 

Because  it  does  not  require  a  small  fortune  to  secure  a  piece  of 
land. 

Because  capital  does  not  block  all  the  avenues  to  wealth,  nor 
crowd  the  poor  man  to  the  wall. 

Because  Uncle  Sam  has  yet  in  Arizona  many  farms  waiting  for 
occupants. 

Because  schools,  churches,  newspapers  and  railroads  are  fast  de- 
veloping the  moral  and  material  elements  of  the  territory. 

Because  this  country  is  one  of  the  few  regions  of  the  United 
States  that  yield  the  products  of  the  temperate  and  semi-tropic  zone. 

Because  the  worker  receives  a  fair  compensation  for  his  labor,  and 
the  "rustler"  has  a  field  for  the  display  of  his  energy  and  enterprise. 

Because  there  are  neither  blizzards  nor  tornadoes,  earthquakes  nor 
inundations,  snow-storms  nor  cyclones. 

Because  the  vast  and  varied  resources  of  the  country  are  yet  to  be 
developed. 

Because  the  wealth  of  its  mines,  its  farming  valleys,  its  grazing 
lands,  and  its  forests,  will  yet  build  up  a  great  and  prosperous  state. 

Because  a  man  can  make  a  livelihood  here  with  less  labor  than  in 
any  part  of  the  United  States. 

Because  there  is  health  in  every  breeze,  and  strength  and  vigor 
under  its  cloudless  skies. 

Because  the  settler  need  not  spend  a  life-time  in  felling  trees  and 
grubbing  out  stumps. 

Because  the  products  of  its  coal  fields  and  forests  will  find  a  profi- 
table market  in  its  towns  and  mining  camps. 

Because  the  profits  from  its  stock  ranges  are  more  than  in  any 
other  portion  of  the  union.  Because  there  is  a  demand  for  addi- 
tional facilities  for  ore  reductions. 


OF 


6ILA  BEND  VALLEY 

Arizona. 


August,  1889. 

September,  1889. 

DATE 

7  A.M. 

2  P.M. 

9  P.M.       RAIN 

DATE 

7  A.M. 

2PM. 

9P.M.         RAIN 

1... 

.  94... 

.110... 

.100.... 

1.. 

..  82.. 

..  96... 

.  90.... 

a... 

.  98... 

.111... 

.  102  .... 

2.. 

..  86.. 

..104... 

.  92.... 

3... 

.  98... 

.110... 

.104.... 

3.. 

..   88.. 

..102... 

94.... 

4... 

.  92... 

.110... 

.102  15 

4.. 

..  90.. 

..100... 

.  92.... 

5... 

.  94... 

.108... 

.100.... 

5.. 

..  88.. 

..  98... 

.  90.... 

6 

.  97... 

.  102  .  .  . 

.  90  

6.. 

..  86.. 

..100... 

.  86  

7.    , 

.  92 

.  102  ... 

.  94.... 

7.. 

..   80.. 

..  96... 

.  90. 

8  ... 

90 

102 

.  96 

8 

82 

94 

86 

9.'.. 

.  92... 

.102... 

.  98....     s 

9.. 

..  80.. 

..  96... 

.  88  

10... 

.  94... 

.106... 

.  90.... 

10.. 

..  82.. 

..  97... 

.  86.... 

11... 

.  88... 

.109... 

.102.... 

11.. 

..  80.. 

..  94... 

.  84.... 

12... 

.  96... 

.110... 

.104  20 

12.. 

..  86.. 

..100... 

.  88.... 

13.. 

.  88... 

.104... 

.   90  20 

13.. 

..  82.. 

..  96... 

.  80.... 

14... 

.  86... 

.101  ... 

.   96  

14 

..   72   . 

..  88  .. 

.  78. 

15 

92  ... 

.  104  ... 

.  94  30 

15.. 

..   74.. 

..  90... 

.  76..   . 

16 

.  78... 

.  92... 

.  86.... 

16. 

..   72.. 

..*94... 

.  90.    .. 

17... 

.  84... 

.100... 

.  94.... 

17.. 

..  82  . 

..  96... 

.  84.... 

18... 

.  88... 

.  98... 

.  86.... 

18.. 

..   78.. 

..  94... 

.  86.... 

19... 

.  84... 

.100... 

.  92.... 

19.. 

..  80.. 

..  92... 

.   76.... 

20... 

.  86... 

.102... 

.  94.... 

20  .  . 

..   74.. 

..   94... 

.  82.... 

21... 

.  88... 

.106... 

.  98.... 

21.. 

..   72.. 

..   90... 

.  80.... 

22  ... 

94  ... 

.  108 

96  

2? 

74 

92 

72 

23... 

!  92.!. 

100... 

.  94!     . 

23.. 

..  82.. 

..   96.  .  . 

.  80.... 

24... 

.  sc,... 

.102... 

.  92.... 

24.. 

..   70.. 

..  84... 

.  78.... 

25 

90 

.  104  ... 

91;  

25 

68 

80 

72 

26... 

.   88... 

.  106  ... 

.   94  08 

26.. 

..   66.. 

..    76... 

.  90.... 

27... 

.   90... 

.108... 

.   98.... 

27.. 

..   64.. 

..   80... 

>   74.... 

28 

.   92  .  .  . 

.  106  .  .  . 

.  96  

28 

..   70.. 

..   82   . 

.  72  

29... 

.   90... 

.106... 

.  94.... 

29.. 

..   68.. 

..   84... 

.  74.... 

30... 

.    90... 

.102... 

.  93...: 

30.. 

..    70.. 

..  W... 

.  96.... 

31... 

.  88... 

.   98... 

.   86  05 

Mean  

..99... 

.103... 

.  94..   . 

Mean 

.  .  80  .  . 

..  92... 

.  84  

Total 

rainfall,  .98 

No 

rain. 

27 


DATE 
1.. 

2. 

3;! 

4.. 
5.. 
6 

October,  1889. 

7  A.M.       2  P.M.         9  P.M.            RAIN 

..   88....  98....  86.... 
..  90.  ...107....  92.... 
..  92.  ...104....  94.... 
..  90..  ..102....  96.... 
..  90.  ...100....  94.... 
.  .  88  96  90  

DATE 
1.. 
2.. 
3.. 
4.. 
5.. 
6.. 
7  .  . 
8.. 
9.. 
10.. 
11.. 
12.. 
13.. 
14.. 
15.. 
16.. 
17.. 
18.. 
19.. 
20.. 
21.. 
22.. 
23  . 
24.. 
25.. 
26  .  . 
27  .  . 
28.. 
29.. 
30.. 

November, 

7  A.M.       2  P.M. 

.  .  56  64. 
..  52....  62. 
..  50....  60. 
..  48....  58. 
..  46....  56. 
..  44....  54. 
..  42....  60. 
.  .  50....  66. 
..  54....  70. 
..  48....  66. 
..  48....  68. 
..  48....  66. 
..  48....  66. 
..  48....  66. 
..  46....  64. 
.  .  52....  66. 
.  .  50....  70. 
..  56....   70. 
.  .  60....  74. 
..  54....  68. 
..  52....  66. 
..  54....  72. 
..  56....   72. 
..  56....  72. 
..  56....  68. 
..  52....  64. 
...  56....  70. 
..   58....   70. 
..  60....   74. 
..  58  72. 

1889. 

9  P.M.         RAIN 

...  60.... 
...  58.... 
...  56.... 
...  54.... 
...  50.... 
...  48.... 
...  54.... 
...  60.... 
...  54.... 
...  54.... 
...  54.... 
...  54.... 
...  54.... 
...  54.... 
...  52.... 
...  56.... 
...  60.... 
...  66.... 
...  66.... 
...  60.... 
...  60.... 
...  60.... 
...  64.... 
...  64.... 
...  58.... 
...  60.... 
...  62.... 
...  69.... 
...  68.... 
...66.... 

7.. 
8.. 
9.. 
10.. 
11.. 
12.. 
13.. 
14.. 
15 

..  80. 
..   70. 
.  .  68 
..  60. 
..  60. 
..  66. 
..  62. 
..  60. 
.     60. 

...  90... 
...  88... 
...  80... 
...  75... 
...  80... 
...  76... 
...   70... 
...   70... 
.  .  .   74  .. 

.  78.... 
.  82.... 
.  64.... 
.   64.... 
.   78.... 
.  68  04 
.  64  07 
.  64  06 
.  64.... 

16.. 

.  .   60. 

.  ..  70... 

.  64.... 

17.. 

.     60. 

.  .  .   70.  .. 

.  64  

18.. 
19.. 
20.. 
21.. 
22 

.  .   60. 
..  60. 
..  62. 
..62. 
64 

...   70... 
...   70... 
...   76... 
.  ..   76... 
76 

.   64.... 
.  64.... 
.  64.... 
.  66..,. 
66  

23.. 
24 

..  62. 

64 

...   74... 
76. 

.  64.... 
66  

25. 

.  .  62. 

.  .     74  .  .  . 

64  

26.. 
27.. 

28.. 

..   64. 
..  62. 
.  .  60  . 

.  .  .   76  .  .  . 
.  ..   74... 

.  .  .   TO  .  .  . 

.    66  
.  64.... 
.  66  

29.. 
30.. 
31.. 

..58. 
..  56 
..  54. 

.  .  .   68  .  .  . 
.  .  .    66  .  .  . 
...  64... 

64.... 
.  62.... 
.  60.... 

Mean  .  .  . 

...67. 

79 
Total 

.  73.... 
rainfall,  .05 

Mean  .  .  . 

..51.. 

No 

..  56. 
rain. 

...  58.... 

DATE 

Pi 
: 

December,  1889. 

7  A.M.        2  P.M.        <J  A.M.             RAIN 

..  58....   72....  66  04 
..   58....   70....   64.... 
..  62....   76....  62.... 
..  64....   76....  64....   1.4 
.  .  64  76  64  
.  .   66          70  .         64 

DATK 
1.. 
2.. 
3.. 
4.. 

January,  1890. 

7  A.M.        2  P.M.        9  A.M.             RAIN 

..  42....  52....  46.... 
..  40....  50....  44.... 
..  42....  52....  52.... 
.  .   50  60  56 

5.. 
6.. 
7.  . 
8.. 
9.. 
1.0  .  . 
11.. 

..   50.. 
..  50.. 
..  42.. 
..  48.. 
..   44.. 
.     44.. 

..  60. 
..  56. 
..  54. 
..  54. 
..  50. 
.     56 

...  54.... 

...  48.... 
...  50.... 
...  52.... 
...  46.... 
54 

.  .   60. 
.     54. 

.  ..   70... 
66  .  .  . 

.  62.... 

.  58  

- 

10.. 
j  1 

..50. 
..54. 
52 

.  ..  64.,. 
.  ..  64... 
66 

.  60.... 
.    60  
58 

..  42.. 

..  50. 

...44 

12 

50 

64 

60 

12.. 

..   36.. 

..50. 

...  42 

13.. 
14.. 
15.. 
16.. 

..  54. 
..  60. 
..  62. 
..54. 

.  .  .   64  .  .  . 
...   64... 
.  ..  65... 
64 

.   60  05 
.  62..., 
.  60.... 
60 

13.. 
14.. 
15.. 
16.. 
17. 

.  .    36.. 
.  .  38.. 
..   38.. 
..   34.. 
42 

..  50. 
..   50. 
..  50. 
..   50. 
..  54 

...  44.... 
...  46.... 
...  42.... 

...  48.... 
..     48 

17.. 

18 

..  52. 
52 

...  60... 
62 

.   58  
58 

18. 

.  .  42  .. 

..  52 

...46 

19 

48 

60 

56 

19.. 

.  .  44.. 

..54. 

...48 

20.. 
21.. 

22 

23  ;  ; 

24.. 
25.. 
26  .  . 

(g 
8 
31.. 

..44. 
..  46. 
..48. 

..58. 
..  50. 
..   50. 
..  52. 
..   58. 
..   46. 
..42. 
..44. 
..44. 

.  56... 
...  56... 

...  58... 
...  58... 
...  58... 
..  58... 
...  60... 
.  ..   66... 
...   56... 
...  54... 
...  54... 
...  54... 

.  54.... 
.  56.... 
,  54.... 
.  54.... 
.  54.... 
.  54  
.   56  
.   56  05 
.   50  
.   50.... 
.   48.... 
.  48.... 

20.. 

..   36.. 

..  52. 

...   46 

21.. 
22  .  . 

..   40.. 
.  .    40 

..   52. 
52 

...   46.... 
...46 

23.. 
24  . 

..  42.. 
40 

..    60. 
60. 

...  54.... 
...  54  

25. 

..   46 

64 

...  58  

26.. 
26.. 

28 

..   54.. 

..   56 

..   64. 

..   68. 

...   54.... 
...   62  

58 

68 

62 

29. 

.   56 

66 

60 

30 

.  .   56 

66 

64 

31.. 

..   56.. 

..   63. 

.  .  .   60  

in.  .  . 

...53. 

.  .  .  .)•)   .  . 
Total 

.  57  .... 
rainfall.  2  35 

Mean  .  .  . 

...43.. 
No 

..   59. 
rain. 

...   50.... 

28 


DATE 

1  .. 
.> 

3.! 

1  .. 

5  .  . 
6 

February,  18 

7  A.M.    J  I'.M. 

..  52....  62... 
.  .  52  .  .  .  02  .  . 
.  .  5d.  ...  00 
.  .  50....  00.  .. 
.  .  54....  06..  . 
52  ....  04  .  .  . 

90. 
i;  A.M.    RAIN 
.  5r>.... 
.  50.... 
.  50  .... 
.  56  
.  02  .... 
.  60  

DATE 

1  .. 

•> 

3.  . 
j  . 
5  .  . 
o>.  . 

March.  189< 

M.    2  P.M. 

.  .  42  ....  02  .  . 
.  .  }S  0)0,.  .  . 
.  .  50  ..  7O 
.  .  5o  ....  70  ... 
..  50,  .  ...  64... 
.  .  oo  so  .  . 

3. 

9  I'.M, 

.  5s  . 
.  0,2  .  .  . 
.  60  
.  0)0.  . 

.  68.... 
72 

7  .  . 
8.  . 
9.. 
10.. 
11.. 
12.. 
13  . 
U 

.  .  54  ....  02  .  . 
..  46.;..  66:.. 
..  is....  64... 

.  .  IS.  ...  00  .  . 

..  44....  no... 
..  40  ...  60... 
..  42  ...  58... 

50     00 

.  58.... 
.  60  
.  60.... 
.  60.... 
.  50.... 
.  50.  ... 
.  51.... 
54  

t  .  . 

8.. 
<j.  . 

10':. 

11  . 

12.. 
13.. 
14  . 

.  .  02  ....  75  .  .  . 
.  .  0,2  ....  OS  .  .  . 
.  .  5o  ....  0,2  .  .  . 
.  .  14  ...  02.  .. 
.  .  10  00..  . 
..  18::'.'.  01  .. 
.  .  48  ....  OS  .  .  . 
.  50   .71.. 

70  

0)2. 
58  .... 
.  50>  .  .  . 
.  54.... 
.  5S.... 
.  60.... 
.  60  .  .  . 

15. 
16  . 
17 

..  44....  02... 

..  44....  oo... 

50    04 

.  58.... 
.  02.... 
6° 

15.. 
16.. 
17 

.  .  50>  ....  74  .  .  . 
..  50..  ..  70,.  .  . 
5''     70, 

.  00  .  .  . 
.  68.:, 
70 

IS 

5°    04 

62  ..  .02 

18 

00     70, 

0,5 

19  . 
20:, 

21 

..  50....  64... 
..  54  ...  00  .. 
04  .  HO  .  .  . 

.  60.... 
.  0,2.... 
.  50  .... 

!U.  . 
20.. 
21  .. 

..  0,0....  64.  -- 
..  50..  ..  68... 
..  51  ...  76  .. 

.  80..-.  .. 

.  00  
7o  ... 

22 
23i! 

24  . 
25  .  . 

20  .  . 
>- 

2S  .'  " 

.  .  48....  54... 
.  .  4s  5S  .  .  . 
.  .  48  i  .  .  .  5s  .  .  . 
..  42....  00.  .. 
.  .  48  .  .  .  .  >)2  .  .  . 
.  .  46  ...  50  .  . 
.  .  34  .  .  .  .  50  .  .  . 

.  54  .... 
.  56  02 
.  54  

.  56  

.  5s  
.  50  .... 
.  54.... 

•)•) 
23  . 

r.4  .  . 

25  .  . 
26 
27 
28  . 
2U  .  . 
30.. 
31  .  . 

.  .  5s.  ...  SO.  .  . 
.  .  5S  .  .  .  .  78  .  .  . 
.  .  60.  ...  SO.  .  . 
..  60....  80..  . 
..  56  72... 
..  52....  74... 
.  .  56  ....  78  .  . 
..  58....  78... 
..  58....  74... 
.  .  58  0)6  .  .  . 

.  70  
72 
72 

.  OS  
.  0)0  
.  68  .  .  .  . 
.  71..  . 
.  70  ... 
.  70  .... 
.  62  .... 

Mean  .  . 

...48  61  .  .  . 
Total 

.  56.... 
rainfall,  .04 

Mean.  .  . 

...54....  71... 
No  rain. 

.  65  .... 

DATE 

i.. 

9 

:] 

April,  1S90 

7A.M.    2  I'.M. 

..  50.  .  .  .  66.  .  . 
.  .  52.  ...  66.  .  . 
60     76 

9  P.M.    RAIN 
.  60  
.  64.... 

70 

DATE 

1  .. 
2 

:] 

May,  1890 

7  A.M.    2  P.M. 

..  0,4....  si... 

.  .  0,4  ....  SS  .  .  . 

68     SS 

9  P.M.     R.\ 

.  80.... 
.  82  .... 
82 

] 

6°     S2 

74 

4 

.  os    us 

S3  ... 

5 

6'>     8k> 

76 

5  . 

..70    1»2... 

.  so  

6.  . 

7  .  . 
8  .  . 
() 

..  02  ...  82... 
..  72....  82... 
.  00  72.  .. 
OO     84 

.  76  
.  70)  
.  <  0)  ... 

~V; 

6  .  . 

8.. 
9 

..  70....  114... 
.  .  74  ....  81  ... 
..  0)0  82... 

OS     82 

.  86  
.  7o..  .. 
.  76.  .. 
78 

10 

70    S4 

~s 

10 

70    SO 

80  

\] 

74    84 

SO 

1  1 

OS     84 

70 

12.. 
13 

.  .  68  86.  .  . 
66     SO 

.  76  
76  .. 

12.. 
13 

.  .  68  ....  SS  .  .  . 
70    UO  .  .  . 

I 

14.. 
15.. 
IB 

.  .  62  ....  SS  .  .  . 
.  .  OS  .  .  .  .  82  .  .  . 
I  )(  >     S<  ) 

.  78.... 
.  70,.... 
74 

14.. 
15.. 
10, 

..  76  UO... 
..  74....  92... 
74    US 

:  1  •;; 

92 

17.. 
IS.. 
19 

.  .  58  ....  So  .  . 
.  .  04  S2  .  .  . 
06    74 

.  74..., 

.  76  
70 

17.. 
18.. 
19 

.  .  78  US  .  .  . 
..  64    100... 

80     US 

.  94.::: 

U2  
92 

•>0 

58     76 

73 

->() 

80     US 

92 

21  .  . 
22 
23 

.  .  60  ...  SO  .  . 
.  .  5s  78.  .. 
6(  >     S<  > 

.  74.... 
.  S4.... 
14 

21.. 

•>•) 

•>3  " 

..  uo  us  .. 
..  84....  94... 

S(  1     U4 

.  88.... 
.  UO.... 

so  .  . 

24 

62     SO 

74 

24 

so   uo>... 

.  uo  . 

25 

60     S2 

74 

25 

80  ...  100.  . 

02 

26 

64     S4 

75 

21  . 

.  .  so  102.  .  . 

.  go,: 

28:  : 
29 

.  .  66  SO  .  .  . 
..  04  UO..  . 

70    ss 

.  so  

.  80  
80 

27.. 
28  .  . 
29 

.  .  83....  94... 

.  .  70)  88..  . 
74     86  . 

U2  .... 
.  80  
78..., 

30 

70    si 

70..  . 

30 

74  ..  92.,. 

.  so.. 

.  .  78....  92... 

.  so,  .  .  . 

Mean  .  .  . 

...63....  si  ... 
No  rain. 

.  74.... 

.Mean.  .  . 

..V93...V.  91... 

No  rain. 

.  si.... 

29 


DATE 

1... 
2 

4... 

June,  1.890 

7  A.M.        2  P.M. 

.   74....  94... 
.   72....  92... 
.   76....  90... 
.   74  92... 

9  P.M.         RAIN 

.  84.... 
.  84.... 
.  82.... 
.  84.... 

DATE 
1.. 
2.. 

July,  1890. 
7  A.M.      2  P.M.      9  P,M.         RAIN 
..  90..  ..102....  98.... 
..   90  104  98.... 

3.. 
4.. 

..   90.. 
..   92.. 

..106.. 
.  .  102  .  . 

..  98.... 
.  .  100  

5... 
6... 
7... 

8     . 

.   76.. 

.  82.. 
.  86.. 
90 

..  96... 
..100... 
..  96... 
.  104  .. 

.  86.... 
.  90.... 
.  92.... 
94  

5.. 
6.. 

7  .  . 

..   92.. 
..   92.. 
..  92.. 

.  .  102  . 
.  .  102  .  . 
.  .  104  .  . 

..  98.... 
.  .  100  .... 
..102  ... 

8.. 

..  88.. 

.  104.. 

..102  .   . 

9... 
10... 
11... 
12... 
13  .  .  . 
14... 
15... 
16  .. 
17... 
18... 
19... 
20... 
21... 
22 
23.'.. 
24... 
25  .. 

.  83.. 

:  82  .  . 

.82.. 
.74.. 

.  84.. 
.   80.. 
.  80.. 
.   82.. 
.86.. 
.  82.. 
.   78.. 
.84.. 
.   78.. 
.  80.. 
.  '78.. 
.   78.. 
.82.. 

.  .  104  .  .  . 
..100... 
.  .  102  .  .  . 
..102... 
..100... 
..  98... 
..   96... 
..100... 
.  .  102  .  .  . 
..  98... 
..  98... 
..  98... 
..  94... 
..  96... 
..  96... 
..  96... 
..  98-... 

.  94.... 
.  94.... 
.  94.... 
.  94.... 
.  90.... 
.  90.... 
.  90.... 
.  90.... 
.  90.... 
.  90.... 
.  90.... 
.  92  ... 
.  88.... 
.  90.... 
.  96.... 
.  94.... 
.  90.... 

9.. 
10.. 
11.. 
12.. 
13  . 

..  90.. 

..  86.. 
..  82.. 
..  86.. 
..  90.. 

..104.. 
..  96.. 
..  92.. 

..  98.. 
..102 

..   90.... 

..  88.... 
..  90....     f 
..  96.... 

98. 

14 
15.. 
16.. 
17.. 
18.. 
19.. 
20.. 
21.. 

,88.. 
..  90.. 
..  90.. 
..  90.. 
..  90.. 
..  88.. 
..  80.. 
.     86.. 

.  .  104  . 
..100.. 
..104  . 
..100.. 
..100.. 
..  94.. 
..  94.. 
.  .  100  .  . 

..100.... 
..  96.... 
..  100  .... 
..   90.... 
..100  4 
..90  1 
..  88.... 
.  .  96 

22 

90 

106 

100 

23.. 
24.. 
25.. 
26.. 
27.. 
28.. 
29.. 
30  . 

..  94.. 

.  .  106  .  . 

.  .  100  

..  92.. 
..  94.. 
..  94.. 

90.. 
..   91.. 
..  91.. 

..  90  . 

..102.. 
..103.. 
..110.. 
.  .  106  .  . 
.  .  100  .  . 
..102.. 
..102  . 

..  92.... 
..  91.... 
..  94.... 

..  98.... 
..  96.... 
..   96.... 
.     96  ... 

26... 
27... 
28... 
29... 
30... 

.  80.. 
.78.. 
.78.. 
.80.. 
.   90.. 

..100... 
..  98... 
,.  98... 
..100... 
..104... 

.  88.... 
.  90.... 
.  92.... 
.  96.... 
.   96..,. 

31.. 

..  90.. 

..  90.. 

..  90  ... 

Mean  .... 

..83.. 

No 

..  97... 
rain. 

.   90.... 

Mean  .  .  . 

.  .  .  89  .  . 

.  .  101  .  . 
Total 

..  96.... 
rainfall,  1.04 

DATE 

1.1. 

2 
3.'.'! 
4... 
5... 
6... 
7... 
8... 
9  .. 

August,  1880. 

7  A.M.        2  P.M.        9PM.            RAIN 

.   88....   96....   90...: 
.  82....  86....  86  1 
.  84....  90....  82....   1.8 
.  80....  88....  88.... 
.   78....  90....  90  1 
.  84....  92....  92.... 
.   86....   98....   92.... 
.  89....  96....  92  2 
.   88  88  86  4 

DATE 
1.. 
2.. 
3.. 
4.. 
5.. 

September,  189O. 

7  A.M.      2  P.M.      9  P.M.         RAIN 
..  84....  96....  90.... 
..  86....  96....  92.... 
..  86..  ..102....  86.... 
..  86....  98....   88.... 
.  .   88  86  94  ... 

6.. 

..   88.. 

.  .  96.. 

..   80.... 

7  .  . 
8.. 
9.. 
10.. 
11.. 
12.. 
13.. 
14.. 

..   80.. 
..  86.. 
..  90.. 

..  80.. 
..  86.. 
..  86.. 
..  80.. 
.     86.. 

..  92.. 

..  98.. 
..  98.. 
..  98.. 
..  98.. 
..  98.. 
.  .  102  .  . 
.100.. 

..  86.... 
..  88.... 
..  90..., 
..  90.... 
..   92   ... 
..  92.... 
..  90.... 
..  90  

10... 

.  82.. 

.  .  94... 

.  88.... 

11... 
12... 
13... 
14... 
15... 
16... 
17... 
18... 

.84.. 
.  82.. 
.  80.. 
.  84.. 
.86.. 
.  84.. 
.  86.. 
.86.. 

..<  86... 
..  88... 
..  94... 
..  94... 
..  92... 
..  98... 
..  102  ... 
..  102  ... 

.  82.... 
.  84.... 
.  86.... 
.  86.... 
.  86.... 
.  90.... 
.  94.... 
.  94  

15 

82 

98 

88 

16.. 
17.. 
18.. 
19.. 
20.. 
21 

.  86.. 

..  82.. 
..   89.. 
..   78.. 
..  82.. 
78.. 

..  96.. 

..  88.. 
..  84.. 
..  90.. 
..  94.. 
..  92.. 

..  88.... 
..  82.... 
..   90.... 

..  84.... 
..  84.... 
..  80..   . 

19... 
20... 
21... 
22... 
23... 

.  8g.. 

.  88.. 
.  88.. 
.84.. 
.86.. 

..104... 
..100... 
..  96... 
..  90... 

.  .   98 

.  94.... 

.   90.... 
.  88.... 
.  84.... 
.90.. 

22  . 

.  .   76  .. 

.  .  96.. 

..  80.... 

23.. 

..  84.. 

.  .  96.. 

..  80.... 

24... 
25... 
26... 
27... 

28... 
29. 

.86.. 
.86.. 
.  80.. 
.  82.. 
.  84.. 
.88.. 

..100... 

..  88... 
..  90... 
..  94... 

..  98... 
.     96 

.  96.... 
.  86  1 

.  88.... 
.  88.... 
.  86.... 
.  88  

24.. 
25.. 
26.. 

27  .  . 
28.'! 
29.. 
30.. 

..  86.. 
..   76.. 
..   74.. 

..  82.. 
..  81.. 
..  82.. 
..   74.. 

.  .  94.. 
..  92.. 

..  98.. 
..  98.. 
..  92.. 
..  92.. 

.  .  88.. 

..  80.... 
..  80.... 
..  82.... 
..  82.... 
.,   82.... 
..  80.... 
..   74.... 

30... 

.86.. 

.  .   96  .  .  . 

.80  3 

31-.. 

.   78.. 

..   90... 

.   S6.... 

Mean  

..84.. 

..   93...     87.... 
Total  rainfall,  3.9 

Mean  .  .  . 

..81.. 
No 

..  92.. 
rain. 

..  85.... 

30 


DATE 

1.. 

2 

3.! 
4.. 
5.  . 

I).  . 
7  .  . 
8.. 
9.. 
10 

October,  189O. 

/AM.        2P.M.        9  P.M.             RAIN 

..    74....   88....   74.... 
..   74....  88....   74.... 
..   76....  88....  80  ... 
..    70....   76....   70.... 
..   66....   80....    74.... 
..   66....   80....   76.... 
..  64....  84....   78.... 
..    70....   86....   80.... 
..    70....   86....   80.... 
70            7J.             79 

DATE 
1.. 
2.. 
3.. 
4.. 
5.  . 
f       6.. 
7  .  . 
8.. 
9.. 
10.. 
11.. 
12.. 
13.. 
14.. 
15.. 
16.. 
17 

November,  1890. 

7  A.M.        2PM.        9  P.M. 

..%62....  84....  74.... 
..  62....  84....  74.... 
..  60....   82....   74.... 
..  68....   80....   72.... 
..   66  82  76  
.  .   62  80  76  
..    74....   82....   70.... 
..  66....  64....  58.... 
..  58....  64....  58.... 
..  50....  64....  58..... 
.  .  50  66  62  
..   56  66....  60  
..   56....  66....   60  ... 
..  54....  64....  58.... 
..  50....  66....  56.... 
..  52....  66....  58.... 
52  62  56  

RAIN 
.6 

•11:: 

13.. 
14.. 
15 

..  64.. 
..   58.. 

..   58.. 
..    58.. 
56 

..   72.. 

.  .    78.. 
.     78.. 
..   70.. 
74 

..    70.... 
..   76  
..    68  
72  
72 

16.. 
17.. 

18.. 
19  .  . 
2<).. 
21 

..   66.. 
.     66  .  . 
..  66.. 
..   66.. 
..   64.. 
66 

..  84.. 
..   84.. 
..   84.. 
..   84.. 

..   84.. 
80 

..   74.... 
..   74.... 

.  .    76  
.  .   76  
..    76.... 
72 

18  . 

..  56  . 

..  64... 

.  56.... 

19.. 
20.. 
21.. 
22.. 
23.'.' 
24.. 

..  60.. 
..  64.. 
..  60.. 
..  62.. 
..   64.. 
..  64.. 

..   70... 
..   74... 
..  72... 
..   72... 
..   72... 
..   72... 

.  68.... 
.  68.... 
.  66.... 

.  68.... 
.  68.... 
.  68.... 

22  .  . 

62 

82 

76 

23.. 
24.. 

..   74.. 
.  .   66   . 

..   82.. 
84 

..   76.... 
.     70  

2.")  .  . 
26  .  . 
27.. 
28.. 
29 

..  68.. 
..   70.. 

..   78.. 
..   70.. 
66 

..   86.. 
..   88.. 
..  88.. 
..   84.. 
N6 

..  74.... 

..   78.... 
.  .   76  
.  .   76.  ... 

76 

25.. 
26  .  . 
27.. 
28.. 
29.. 
30 

..  64.. 
..  64.. 
..  62.. 
..  60.. 
..  56.. 
62. 

..   72... 
..   72... 
..   72... 
..   70... 

..   70... 

.   77   .  . 

.  66.... 
.  64.... 
.  64.... 
.  64.... 
.  64.... 
.  64  

30 

64 

86 

76 

31.. 

..   64.. 

.     86  .  . 

.  .   76  

Mean  .  .  . 

...70  . 
No 

;.  83.. 

rain. 

..   78.... 

Mean  .  .  . 

.  .  .  58  .  . 

.75.. 
Total 

.  64.... 
rainfall, 

.6 

DATE 
1. 

December,  1890. 

7  A,M.        2  P.M.        9  P.M.             RAIN 

60.          70           60     . 

DATE 

1-.. 

2 

3'.! 
4.. 

5.. 
6.. 

7 

January,  1891. 

7  A.M.        2  P.M.        9  P.M. 

..  46....   58   ...   50.... 
..   46....   56....   50.... 
..  46....  58....   52.... 
..   46....  50....  54.... 
.  .  48  56  52  
..  48....  60....  52.... 
42  56  48  

RAIN 

*; 

.  .   52  .. 

.     66 

60  

3.. 
4.. 
5  .  . 
6.  . 
i  .  . 
8 

.  .   56  .  . 
.  .   58  .. 
.  .   58  .. 
..   54.. 
..   52.. 
52 

.  .   (  >6  .  . 
..   64.. 
.  .   62  .  . 

.  .   58  .  . 
..   58.. 
62 

..   62.... 
.  .   62  .... 
..   56  
..   54.... 
..  56  ... 
60             6 

8.. 
9.. 
10.. 
11.. 
12.. 
13 

..  42.. 
..  40.. 
..  38.. 
..  38.. 
..  40.. 
48 

..  52... 
..  54... 
..  56... 
..  52... 
..  52... 
56  ... 

.  46.... 
.  46.... 
.  46  ... 
.  46.... 
.  50.... 
50  .... 

9. 

.  .    60.  . 

62 

60     .  . 

10.. 
11.. 
12.. 
13.. 
14 

6(  )  . 

62 

60  

..   60.. 
..    HO.. 
.  .   5(5  .  . 
50 

..   64.. 
.  .   62  .  . 
.  .   64.. 
62 

.  .   60  
.  .   60  .... 
..   54.... 
60 

14.. 
15 

..  38.. 
50.. 

..   00... 
..  54... 

.  48.... 
.  48.... 

15.. 
16. 

..   52.. 
.     56.  . 

..   62.. 

66 

.  .  58.... 
62 

16.. 
17.. 
18.. 
19.. 
20.. 
21.. 
22. 
23.'.' 
24.. 
25  .  . 
26  .  . 
27.. 
28 

..  40.. 
..  50.. 
..  52.. 
..   54.. 
..  46.. 
..  46.. 
..  46.. 
..   50.. 
..  44.. 
..  48.. 
..  44.. 
..  44.. 
46. 

..  58... 
..   66... 
..    60... 
..  64... 
..   64... 
..  64... 
..   64... 
..  64... 
..  62... 
..  62... 
..  64... 
..    60... 
.  .  54... 

.  52.... 
.  54.,.. 
.   56.... 
.   58.... 
.  56.... 
.  56  
.  56.... 
.  54.... 
.  54.... 
.  52.... 
.  54.... 
.   52.... 
.  52.... 

17.  . 

.  .   60  .. 

68 

62  .     . 

is.. 

..  60., 

.  .    66  .  . 
60 

.  .   62  
62 

19 

60 

20.. 
21. 

.  .   52.. 
52 

.  .    66   . 
68 

..   62  
62 

22 

.  .   56  . 

68 

62 

23  .  . 
24.. 
25.. 
26  .  . 
27. 

.  .    56  .. 

.  .   56  .  . 
..   56.. 

..   58.. 
56 

.  .   68  .  . 
.  .    68.. 
.  .    1)8  .  . 
.  .    66.. 
tit) 

..   62,,.. 
62 

.  .   62  .'.  .  '. 
..   62.... 
62 

28.. 
29.. 
30.. 
31.. 

..  62.. 

.  .   62.. 
..   62.. 
.  .  54.. 

..   70.. 
.  .    66  .  . 
..   62.. 
.     60 

.  .   64.... 
..  62.... 
.  .   60  5 

.... 

29.. 
30.. 
31.. 

..  50.. 
..   46.. 
..  42.. 

..  50... 

..  58... 
..  60... 

.  52.... 
.  48.... 
.  52.... 

Mean  .  .  . 

..  52.. 

.  .    67 
Total 

60.... 
rainfall,  1.1 

Mean 

45 

59 

52 

No 

rain. 

31 


DATE 
1.. 
2. 
3!! 

February,  1891. 

7A.M.        2P.M.        9  P.M.            RAIN 

..   44....   60....   56.... 
..  48....   60....  56.... 
.  .   50  62  56  

DATE 
1 

March,  1891. 

7  A.M.         2  P.M.       9  P.M.             RAIN 

62           72  .  .  .  .   64 

2.. 
3.. 
4.. 
5.. 
6.. 
7  .  . 
8.. 
9.. 

..  64.. 
..  56.. 
..  59.. 
..  56.. 
..  54.. 
..  46.. 
..  44.. 
..  48.. 

..   73... 

..  68... 
..  68... 
..   66... 
..   62... 
..   60... 
..  58... 
..66. 

.  66  
.  62.... 
.  60.... 
.   60  
.  54.... 
.  50.... 
.  54.... 
58  

4 

48 

62 

58 

5.. 
6.. 
7.  . 
8.. 
9.. 
10.. 
11.. 
12.. 
13.. 
14.. 
15.. 
16.. 
17.. 
18.. 
19.. 
20.. 
21.. 
22.. 
23.. 
24.. 
25.. 

..  54.. 
..  54.. 

..  48.. 
..  52.. 
..  40.. 
..  36.. 
..  36.. 
..  40.. 
..  42.. 
..  48.. 
..  50.. 
..  60.. 
..  56.. 
..  60.. 
..  56.. 
..  52.. 
..  52.. 
..  50.. 
..  50.. 
..  54.. 
..  48.. 

..   62.. 
..  62.. 
..  62.. 
..  54.. 
..  54.. 
..  58.. 
..  58.. 
..  58.. 
..  64.. 
..  66.. 
..   70.. 
..  64.. 
..  62.. 
..  64.. 
..  64.. 
..  60.. 
..  64.. 
..  60.. 
..  60.. 
..  60.. 
..  60.. 

..   58.... 
..  58.... 
..  58.... 
..  48.... 
..  46.... 
..  50.... 
..  48.... 
..  48.... 
..  56.... 
..  60.... 
..  62.... 
..  60.... 
..  60.... 
..  58....   1.1 
..  54  2 
..  56.... 
..  58.... 
..  58.... 
..58....   1.3 
..  54.... 
.  .  54  

10.. 

..  50.. 

..  68.. 

H2  

11.. 

..  56.. 

..   70... 

.   64  .... 

12.. 

..  58.. 

.  .   68   .  . 

.   64  

13 

58 

66 

62 

14.. 
15 

..  58-.. 
.60.. 

..   72... 
..72. 

.   64.... 
64     .. 

16.. 
17.. 

..  62.. 

56.  . 

..   72... 
..   72... 

.   66.... 
.   64  

18.. 

..  56.. 

..   72... 

.   65   .  .  . 

19  . 
20.. 
21.. 
22.. 
23.. 
24.. 
25.. 
26  . 

..  64.. 
..  62.. 

..   60.. 
..  62.. 
..  62.. 
..  58.. 
..  56.. 
..  55.. 

..   72... 

..   76... 
..   78... 
..   76... 
..  52... 
..  68... 
..   70... 
..   72... 

.  66,.., 
.   70.... 

.   70.... 
.   70.... 
.  60.... 
.  60.... 
.  62.... 
62  

26.. 

27.. 
28.. 

..  44.. 
..  46.. 
..  54.. 

..  58.. 
..  60.. 
..  66.. 

.  .  56  

..  58.... 
..  60.... 

27.. 

.  .  56  .. 

.  .   78  ... 

.  65  

28 

58 

72 

64 

29.. 
30.. 
31.. 

..  54.. 
..  54.. 
..  52.. 

..  65... 
..  66... 
..   70... 

.  58.... 
.   58.... 
.  64.... 

Mean  .  .  . 

.  .  .  49  .  . 

..   62....  55.... 
Total  rainfall,  2.6 

Mean  .  .  . 

...56.. 
No 

..  69... 
rain. 

.63  

DATE 
1.. 
2.. 
3.. 
4.. 
5.  . 
6.. 
7  .  . 
8.. 
9.. 
10.. 
11.. 
12.. 
13.. 
14.. 
15.. 
16.. 
17.. 
18.. 
19.. 
20.. 
21.. 
22 
23.. 
24.. 
25.. 
26.. 
27.. 
28.. 
29.. 
30.. 

April,  1891. 

7  A.M.        2  P.M.        9  P.M.             RAIN 

.,  52....   70....  62.... 
..  54....   72....  62.... 
..  56....   78....  68.... 
..  66....   78....  68.... 
..  62....  82....   72.... 
..  64....   78....   70.... 
..  60....   76....   68.... 
..  60....   70....  64.... 
..   56....   74....  68.... 
..  60....  82....   72.... 
..  60....   78....   70.... 
..  58....   74....  68.... 
..  58....   74....  68.... 
..  60....   72....  66.... 
..  58....   72....   86.... 
..  60....   74....   70.... 
..  60  70  62  
..   56....  68....  64.... 
..  58....   72....  66.... 
.  .  60....   76....   72.... 
.  .  66....   84....   74.... 
..   70....  88--..   76.... 
..  29....  90....  80.... 
..   72....   86....   76.... 
..   72....  84....   76.... 
..  68....  86....  80.... 
..   70....  92....  82.... 
..   76...,  94....  84.... 
..   74....  92....  82.... 
.  .   78....  94....   84.... 

DATE 
1.. 
3.. 
3.. 

May,  1891 

7  A.M.        2.  P.M. 

..   72!...  90... 
..   74....   90... 
.  .   74  86  ... 

g  P.M.          RAIN 
.    84.... 

.    84  .... 
.   80  

4 

70 

90 

82 

5.. 
6.. 
7.. 
8.. 
9.. 
10.. 
11.. 

..   72.. 

..   78.. 
..  80.. 
..  80.. 
..   74.. 
..   76.. 
.  .   70.. 

.  .  90... 
..  94... 
..  96... 

..   86... 

..  88... 
..  88... 
.  .  80... 

.  86.... 
.  86. 
.  86.... 
.  80.... 
.  80.... 
.  82.... 
.   76  

12.. 
13.. 
14.. 
15.. 
16.. 
17. 

..  70.. 
..  68.. 
..  68.. 
..  82.. 
..  68.. 
70 

.  .  84... 
.  .  80... 
..  80... 
..  80... 
..  84... 
88  .. 

.   78  
.   78.... 
.   78.... 
.   76  
.   78  
.   80  .  .  . 

18.. 
19.. 
20.. 
21.. 
22 

..   72  . 
..   72 
..   70.. 
..   72.. 
70 

..  88... 
86  .  .  . 
..   78... 
..  80... 

82  .. 

.  80.... 
.  80.... 
.   72.... 
.    76.... 
.    76  .  .  . 

23.. 
24 

..   72.. 
72 

.  .   84... 
84 

.   78.... 

SO 

25 

70 

no 

S"> 

26.. 

27 

.  .   74.. 
74 

DO.  .  . 

s<>  . 

.    S2  

.    SO 

28" 
29.. 
30.. 
31.. 

••   74.. 
..   74.. 
..   74.. 
..   74.. 

.  .    88... 

.  .  84... 

.  .  84... 
.  .   84... 

.    S2  
.  78  .  .  .  . 
.  82.... 

.  so  .... 

Mean  .  .  . 

...65.. 
No 

..  81.. 
rain. 

..   71.... 

Mean  .  .  . 

...72.. 

No 

..  85... 
rain. 

.  50..,. 

32 


June,  1891. 

July,  1891 

DATE 

7  A.M.        2  P.M 

9  P.M.         RAIN 

DATE 

7  A.M.        2  P.M. 

9P-M.         RAIN 

1.. 

..  68....   80 

...   74  .... 

1.. 

..  90.  ...100... 

.   98.... 

"2 

..   66  76. 

...   74  .... 

2.. 

..  90....  106... 

.  98.... 

3.. 

..  68....  78. 

...   76.... 

3.. 

..  92.  ...102... 

.  98.... 

4.. 

..    72....   86 

...  80.... 

4.. 

..  94.  ...104... 

.  98.... 

5 

.    72           90 

...  84  

5.. 

92         10| 

.100. 

6 

.  .   74  .    .  .   94 

...  86.... 

6.. 

.  .  92  104  '.  '.  '. 

'.  100 

7  .  . 

..   SO....   94. 

...  90.... 

7  .  . 

..  92....  100... 

'.  94!.'!! 

8.. 

.  .   75  96 

...  88  ... 

8.. 

..  86....  98... 

.  92.... 

9.. 

..    76....   92. 

...  86.... 

9.. 

..  80.  ...100... 

.  94.... 

10.. 

..  SO....   96. 

...  90.... 

10.. 

..  84....  98... 

.  92.... 

11.. 

..   80....   94. 

...  86.... 

11.. 

..  84....  98... 

.  92.... 

12.. 

..  80....  90. 

...  84.... 

12.. 

..  86....  100... 

.  96.... 

13.. 

..   76  90. 

...  82.... 

13.. 

..  88.  ...102... 

.  94.... 

14.. 

..   76....  86. 

...  80.... 

14.. 

..  88.  ...106... 

.  98.... 

15.. 

..   76....  88. 

...  82.... 

15.. 

..  90.  ...102... 

.100.... 

16.. 

..  80  ...   94. 

...  86.... 

16.. 

..  94....  106... 

.102.... 

17.. 

..   80....   96. 

...  86.... 

17.. 

..  94.  ...106... 

.  102  .... 

18.. 

..   80....   94. 

...  90.... 

18.. 

..  96....  106... 

.  102  .... 

19.. 

..  82....   94. 

...  90.... 

19.. 

..  94.  ...110... 

.  104  ... 

20.. 

..  82....   94. 

...  88.... 

20.. 

..  96.  ...108... 

.102.... 

21.. 

..  83....   96. 

...  90.... 

21.. 

..  94.  ...104... 

.  98..., 

22.. 

..  84....   98. 

...  92.... 

22.. 

..  96.  ...108... 

.  102  .... 

23.. 

..   84....   96. 

...  94.... 

24.. 

..  94.  ...110;.. 

.  102  .... 

24.. 

..  84....  98. 

...   92.... 

25.. 

..  102  ....  108  ... 

.  102  .... 

25.. 

..  84....  96. 

...  94.... 

26.. 

..  92....  104... 

.  96.... 

26.. 

..  84.  ...100. 

...  94.... 

27.. 

..  98....  98... 

.  96.... 

27.. 

..  86....  98. 

...  94.;.. 

28.. 

..  90.  ...104... 

.  98.... 

28.. 

..   86.  ...102. 

...  96.... 

29.. 

..  92.  ...104... 

.  100  .... 

29.. 

.  .  86  106  . 

...  98.... 

30.. 

..  98.  ...104... 

.  98.... 

30.. 

.     92  ....  104  . 

...  98.... 

31.. 

..  90....  102... 

.  98.... 

Mean  .  .  . 

...79....  93. 
No  rain. 

...  87.... 

Mean  .  .  . 

...91   ...104... 
No  rain. 

.  98..., 

August,  1891. 

September,  1891. 

DATE 

7  A.M,        2  P.M 

,9  P,M,         RAIN 

DATE 

7  A.M.        2  P.M. 

9  P.M.         RAIN 

1.. 

..  88....  100. 

...  98.... 

1.. 

..  90,...  98... 

.   94.... 

2.. 

..  90....  102. 

...  98.... 

Q 

..  86.  ...100... 

.   96.... 

3.. 

..  92....  102. 

...  98.... 

3  .  . 

..  90....  98... 

.  94.... 

4.. 

..  92....  106. 

...100.... 

4  .  . 

..  88.  ...100... 

.  94.... 

5.. 

..  92.  ...104. 

...100.... 

5  .  . 

..  88.  ...100... 

.   94.... 

6.. 

..  90....  104. 

...  98.... 

6.  . 

..  90.  ...102... 

.  96.... 

7  .  . 

..  86.  ...102. 

...  98.... 

7  .  . 

..  88.  ...102... 

.  96.... 

8.. 

..  88.  ...102. 

...  98.... 

8.  . 

..  90....  104... 

.  96.... 

9 

90  ...100. 

.  ..  96  

A 

..  90  106... 

.  98  

10.. 

..  88....  98. 

...  98.... 

10.. 

..  90.  ...100... 

.  94.... 

11.. 

..  86....  96. 

...  92.... 

11.. 

..  86....  98... 

.  92.... 

12 

88          98 

92 

12.. 

86  96 

92 

13.. 

..  88....  102. 

.  ..  96.... 

13.. 

..   78....  94... 

.  88.... 

14.. 

..  88....  98. 

...  86.... 

14.. 

..   78....  96... 

.  90.... 

15.. 

..  86....  92 

...  90.... 

15.. 

..  80....  94... 

.  90.... 

16.. 

..  82....  96. 

...  94.... 

16.. 

..  76....  88... 

.  84.... 

17.. 

84  92  . 

.  ..  94  

17 

.  .   76  90  ... 

.  86  

18.. 

88  96. 

.  ..  94  

18 

..   74....  88... 

.  82  

19.  . 

86  98  . 

94  

19 

72          90 

82 

20 

..'.  96.... 

20.. 

..   74....  90... 

.  84.... 

21 

88...  102. 

.  ..   96.... 

21 

..  80....  80... 

.  80.... 

22.. 

..  86....  102. 

...  98.... 

22!! 

..  80....  84... 

.  84.... 

23.. 

.  .  88....  104. 

...  98.... 

23 

..  68....  86... 

.  78.... 

-      24.. 

..  90.  ...102. 

...100.... 

24!! 

..   70....  84... 

.   78.... 

25.. 

..  90....  100. 

...  98... 

25.. 

..  70....  80... 

.   76  

26.. 

..  90.  ...102. 

...  98.... 

26.. 

..  70....  82... 

.   78.... 

27.. 

..  90.  ...102. 

...  98.... 

27.. 

..  72....  90... 

.  82.... 

28.. 

.  .  90....  100. 

...  96.... 

28.. 

..  72....  90... 

.  82.... 

29.. 

..  90.  ...100. 

...  96.... 

29.. 

..  80....  92... 

.  90.... 

30.. 

..  88....  100. 

...  94.... 

30.. 

..  80....  90... 

.  82.... 

31.. 

..  90....  96. 

.  ..  94.... 

Mean  .  .  . 

...89....  100. 

...  96.... 

Mean  .  .  . 

...81  93... 

.  87.... 

No  rain. 

No  rain. 

33 


October, 

1891. 

November, 

1891, 

DATE 

7AM. 

2P,M.      9  P,M.         RAIN 

DATE 

7  A.M, 

2  P.M 

7  P.M. 

RAIN 

1.... 

70.... 

78 

....   70.... 

1.... 

70.. 

..  80. 

.  ..   72.... 

2.... 

60.... 

76 

....  68.,.. 

2 

70 

..   SO. 

.  .  .   70  .    .  . 

2.... 

60  .  .  .  . 

76 

....   70.... 

3.... 

68.. 

..78. 

...   70  ... 

4  

70  

90 

....   76.... 

4.. 

66  .  . 

..  82 

72 

5.... 

74  .  .  .  . 

88 

....   78.... 

5.  ... 

66  .  . 

..   84. 

...   74.... 

6.... 

70.... 

90 

....  80.... 

6.... 

68.. 

..   SO. 

...   74.... 

7.... 

82.... 

90 

....  82.... 

7.... 

68  .  . 

..78. 

.  ..   70.... 

8 

52  

90 

80  

8 

66 

72 

64- 

9.... 

80.... 

90 

....  82.... 

9.... 

60.. 

..  68. 

...  62.... 

10.... 

74.... 

90 

....  84.... 

10.,.. 

58.. 

..    70. 

.  ..  60..., 

11.... 

94.... 

88 

....  82.... 

11.... 

60.. 

..   74. 

.  .  .   66  

12.... 

76  

88 

....  82.... 

12.... 

58.. 

..   72. 

.  ..   62.... 

13.... 

73  .... 

86 

....  80.... 

13.... 

58.. 

..   74. 

.  .  .   66  

14  .... 

76.... 

88 

....   82.... 

14.... 

60.. 

..   74. 

...   70.... 

15.... 

70.... 

86 

....  80.... 

15.... 

58.. 

..72. 

...  60.... 

16.... 

70.... 

84 

....   78.... 

16.... 

50.. 

..66. 

...  56.... 

17.... 

68  .... 

82 

...   78.... 

17.... 

52.. 

..  68. 

..  62.... 

18.... 

72.... 

86 

....   60  ... 

18.... 

50.. 

..  66. 

..  58.... 

19... 

74.... 

88 

....  80.... 

19  .... 

50.. 

..   66. 

...  60.... 

20.... 

72  .... 

88 

....   78.... 

20.... 

48.. 

..   64. 

..   54.... 

21   ... 

70.... 

86 

....  80.... 

21.... 

48.. 

..   64. 

..  54.... 

22  .... 

70  .... 

86 

...   80.... 

22.... 

50.. 

66 

..  56.... 

23.... 

70.... 

88 

....  80.... 

23.... 

50.. 

.!  64.' 

..  56.... 

24  .... 

70.... 

88 

....   78.... 

24.... 

48.. 

..   62. 

..  56.... 

25.... 

68.... 

86 

....   74.... 

25  .... 

48.. 

..62. 

..  56.... 

26.... 

68.... 

86 

....   74.... 

26.... 

52.. 

..  66. 

..  60.... 

27.... 

70.... 

86 

....  74.... 

27.... 

52,. 

..66. 

..  58.... 

28 

70  

86 

...   74.... 

28  

54.. 

.  .   70 

60 

29.... 

70..,. 

88 

...   72.... 

29.... 

56.. 

.   74. 

..   62!!!! 

30.... 

72.... 

86 

...   74.... 

30.... 

56.. 

..  64. 

.  .  56  

31.... 

70  .... 

84 

...   72  ... 

Mean  .... 

73.. 

86 

.77.. 

Mean  

.57  . 

.   70. 

..  63.... 

No  rain. 

No 

rain. 

December. 

1891. 

January,  1892. 

DATE      7 

A.M.        2  P.M.        9  P.M.             RAIN 

DATE     7  A.M. 

2  P.M. 

9  P.M. 

RAIN 

1.... 

50.... 

65....  60.... 

1.... 

40.. 

.42.. 

..  38.... 

2 

57.... 

66  64  

2.... 

44.. 

.56.. 

..  54.... 

3.'!.! 

52.... 

58....  54.... 

3.... 

48.. 

.56.. 

..  54.... 

4.... 

48.... 

62....  60.... 

4.... 

50.. 

.  60.. 

..  56.... 

5.... 

48.... 

56....  46.... 

5.... 

46.. 

.  62  . 

..  54.... 

6 

32  .  .  . 

52 

...  44  

6  

50  . 

62  .  . 

58  

42  

54 

...  46  

7  .... 

50.. 

62  .  . 

56  .  !  !  ! 

8 

36  

58 

...  46  

8  

oO.. 

.   62.. 

..   54 

9 

32  .... 

58 

...  43.... 

9  

50.. 

.   62.. 

52 

10.... 

32.... 

56 

...  52.... 

10.... 

44... 

.   60.. 

..  52..! 

11.... 

50.... 

56. 

...  48.... 

11.... 

42... 

.  58.. 

..  52.... 

12.... 

46.... 

56. 

.  .  .   50  

12.... 

32... 

.  54.. 

..  46.... 

13.... 

42.... 

58 

...   52.... 

13.... 

36... 

.  50.. 

..  42.... 

14  .... 

46.... 

60. 

...  50.... 

14.... 

32... 

.   50.. 

..   44.... 

15  .... 

48.... 

62  . 

...  52.... 

15.... 

34... 

.  56.. 

..   46.... 

16.... 

48.... 

64. 

...   54.... 

16.... 

36... 

.  56.. 

..   52.... 

17.... 

48.... 

64. 

...  54.... 

17.... 

50... 

.  54.. 

..   50.... 

18.... 

46.... 

62. 

...   52.... 

18.... 

46... 

.54.. 

..   48.... 

19.... 

44  .... 

60, 

...  52.... 

19.... 

48... 

.  56.. 

..  48.... 

20.... 

46.... 

60. 

...  52.... 

20.... 

54... 

.  64.. 

..  52.... 

21.... 

44.... 

58. 

...  50.-... 

21.... 

54... 

.   64.. 

..   54.... 

22  .... 

42.... 

54. 

...   46.... 

22.... 

46... 

.   66.. 

..  56.... 

23.... 

36.... 

52. 

...  44.... 

23.... 

48... 

.   68.. 

..  58.... 

24  .... 

36.... 

50. 

...  42.... 

24  .... 

54... 

.   (VS.. 

..  58.... 

25.... 

30.... 

46. 

...   36.... 

25  .... 

56  .  .  . 

.   70.. 

..  5S.... 

26..., 

30.... 

46. 

...  40.... 

26.... 

54... 

.  66.. 

..   60.... 

27.... 

34  .... 

54  . 

...   46.... 

27.... 

58... 

.   64.. 

..  58.... 

1.15 

28  .... 

44.... 

56. 

..     46.... 

28.... 

60... 

.  66.. 

..   60.... 

.32 

29  

46.... 

58. 

...  48.... 

29.... 

56... 

.   62.. 

..  60..., 

.5 

30  .... 

50.... 

62 

...  56  25 

30.... 

60  .  .  . 

.  60.. 

..  58.... 

31.... 

50.... 

56. 

...   46.... 

31.... 

56... 

.  58.. 

..  56.... 

.9 

Mean  

43.... 

57 

...   49   ... 

Mean  

48... 

.  do.. 

..  53.... 

Total  rainfall.   .25 

Total 

rainfall. 

2.77 

34 


DATE 
1.. 
2.. 
3.. 
4.. 
5.. 

7  .  . 

8.. 
g 

February,  1892. 
7  A.M.      2  P.M.      7  P.M.         RAIN 
..  50....  60....  56.... 
..   50....   60....   56.... 
..  50....  58....  56.... 
..   52....   60....  58.... 
..   50....  56....  48  75 
..  48....  56....  50  15 
..   48....  56....  50  45 
.  .   46  56  50  

DATE 
1.. 

March,  1892. 

7  A.M.        2.  P.M.        9  P.M. 

.  .   60  76  68 

RAIN 

.30 
.41 

.40 

2.. 
3  . 
4.. 

..   60.... 
..  60,... 
.  .   56  

68... 
62... 
62... 

.  62.... 

.  58.... 

.  58 

5.. 

..  58.... 

64  .  .  . 

.  58 

6.. 

7  .  . 
8.. 
9.. 

..  56.... 

..  58.... 
..   60.... 
..    60    ... 

64... 
66... 

68... 
70... 

.  60.... 
.  62.... 
.  64.... 
.  66.... 

10.. 
11.. 
12.. 

13... 
14.. 
15.. 
16.. 
17.. 
18.. 
19.. 
20  .  . 
21.. 
22.. 
23.. 
24.. 
25.. 
26.. 
27.. 
28.. 
29  .  . 

..  46.. 
..  50.. 
..  52.. 
...  54.. 
..  54.. 
..  54.. 
..  52.. 
..  54.. 
..  54.. 
..  56.. 
..  56.. 
..  56.. 
..   58.. 
..  58.. 
..  58.. 
..  60.. 
..  56.. 
..  56.. 
..  58.. 
..  60.. 

..   56.    . 
..  64... 
..  64... 
..  62... 
..  62... 
..  62... 
..  66... 
..  66... 
..  66... 
..  68... 
..  68... 
..  68... 
..   70... 
..   74... 
..   74... 
..   76... 
..  68... 
..  70... 
..   74... 
..   76... 

.  52.... 
.  56.... 
.  58  60 
.  56  25 
.  58  10 
.  58.... 
60.... 
.  60.... 
.  58.... 
.   62.... 
.  62.... 
.  62.... 
.  64.... 
.  66.... 
.  66.... 
.  64.... 
.  64.... 
.  64.... 
.  64.... 
.  68.... 

10.. 

..    (52.... 

74... 

.  68... 

11.. 
12.. 

..  64.... 
..  66.... 

78... 
80... 

.  70.... 
.  72.... 

13.. 
14.. 

..  68.... 
.  .  64  ..    . 

80... 
76... 

.  72.... 

.  70 

15.. 

..  62.... 

74... 

.  66... 

16.. 

..  60.... 

70... 

.  64... 

17.. 

18.. 
19.. 
20.. 
21.. 
22.. 

..  60.... 
..  58.... 
..  60.... 
..  58.... 
..  54.... 
..  52.... 

72... 

74... 
72... 

68... 
68... 
68  .. 

.  66.... 
.  68.... 
.  66.... 
.  60.... 
.  60.... 
.  60 

23.. 
24.. 
25.. 
26.. 
27.. 
28.. 
29.. 
30.. 
31.. 
Mean  .    . 

..  54.... 
..  52.... 
..  54.... 
..  56.... 

..  58.... 
..  58.... 
..  50.... 
..  50.... 
..  50.... 
...58.... 

68... 
68... 
70... 
72... 
74... 
64... 
66... 
72... 
62... 
59... 

.  60.... 
.  60.... 
.  62.... 
.  64.... 
.  66.... 
.  58.... 
.  62.... 
.  60.... 
.  54.... 
.  63.... 

Mean  .  .  . 

...53.. 

.64.. 
Total 

.  58.... 
rainfall,  2.3 

Total 

rainfall, 

1.11 

DATE 
1.. 
2.. 
3.. 
4.. 
5 

April,  1892. 
7  A.M.      2.  P.M.      9  P.M.         RAIN 
..  50....  66....  58.... 
..  54....  64....  56  33 
..  56.    ..  62....  58.... 
.  .   54  62  ....  56  
56     .  -   66  60  

DATE 
1.. 
2.. 
3.. 
4.. 
5  . 
6.. 
7  .  . 

May 

7  A.M. 

..   70.... 
..  68.... 
..   70.... 
..  64.... 
..  62.... 
..  60.... 
..  62.... 

,  1892 

2  P.M. 

84... 
76  .  .  . 
82... 
74... 
74... 
78... 
74... 

9  P.M. 

.  74.... 
.  70.... 

.  68... 
.  66.... 
.  66.... 
.  68.... 
.  66  

RAIN 
.20 

6 

..  58  . 

.  .  70... 

.  62.... 

7  .  . 
8.. 
9.. 
10.. 
11.. 
12.. 
13.. 
14.. 
15  . 
16.. 
17.. 
18.. 
19.. 
20.. 
21.. 

..  60.. 
..  64.. 

..  68.. 
..   70.. 
..  70.. 
..  68.. 
..  66.. 
..  68.. 
..  68.. 
..  66.. 
..   62.. 
..   60.. 
..  58.. 
..  56.. 
.  .  58.. 

..  74... 

..  80... 
..  84  .. 
..  86... 
..  88... 
..  86... 
..  84... 
...  86... 
..  86... 
..  82... 
..   72... 
..  68... 
..   70... 
..   72... 
..   76... 

.  66.... 
.   70.... 
.   74.... 
.   74.... 
.   76.... 
.   72.... 
.  70.... 
.   72  
.   76  
.   76  ... 
.  66.... 
.  64.... 
.  62.... 
.   66.... 
.  68.... 

8  . 

..  60.... 

76... 

.  70.... 

9.. 
10.. 
11.. 
12.. 
13.. 
14.. 
15.. 
16.. 
17.. 

..  62  ... 
.  .  66  

..  68.... 
..   70.... 
..  68.... 
..  68.... 
..  70.... 
..   70.... 
..  78.... 

80... 
84... 
86... 
82... 
86... 
82... 
86... 
84... 
94  .. 

.  74.... 
.  76.... 

.  78.... 
.  76.... 
.  74.... 
.  76.... 

.  78.... 
.  80.... 
.  82  

18.. 

.:  78.... 

96... 

.  84.... 

19.. 
20.. 
21., 
22  . 

..  80.... 
..  80.... 
..  84.... 
..  82  

96... 
96  .  .  . 
96... 
94... 

.  86.... 
.  88.... 
.  90.... 
.  88  

22.. 
23.. 
24.. 
25.. 

26  .  . 
27.. 
28.. 
29.. 
30.. 

..  60.. 
..  62.. 
..  64.. 

..  68.. 
..   70.. 
.  .   66.. 
..  64.. 
..  66.. 
..   72.. 

..   78... 
..  86... 
..  84... 
..  86... 
..  82... 
..  82... 
..  84... 
..  86... 
..  84... 

.  70.... 
.  74.... 
.  76.... 

.  80.... 
.   74.... 
.   76  
.   76.... 

.  78.... 
.   76.... 

23.. 
24.. 

..  84.... 
..  82.... 

96... 
96... 

.  86.... 
.  88.... 

25.. 
26.. 
27.. 

28.. 
29.. 

..  82.... 
..  82.... 
..   78.... 
..   76.... 
.  .   78.... 

96... 
90... 

88... 
90... 
94... 

.  90.... 
.  86.... 
.  83.... 

.  84.... 
.  86  ... 

30 

80 

92 

86 

31.. 

..  78.... 

94... 

.  86.... 

Meln..  . 

...62.. 

..  78... 
Total 

.   70.... 
rainfall,     .33 

Mean  .  .  . 

.  .  .  73  .  .  .  . 

87... 

.  80  

.20 

Total 

rainfall. 

35 


DATE 
1... 

4.!! 
5... 
6... 
7  .  .  . 
8... 
9... 
10... 
11... 
12... 
13 

June.  1892. 

7  A.M.      2  P.M.      9  P.M.         RAIN 
.   78....  100....  90.... 
.  80..  ..100....  90.... 
.  80....  96  ...  82.... 
.   74....  90....  82.... 
.  76....  92....  82.... 
.   78....  96....  88.... 
.  80....  96....  88.... 
.   78....  94....   86.... 
.   74....  80....  92.... 
.  66....   78....  76.... 
.   70....  82....  78.... 
.   70...,  84....   78.... 
74  90  84  

DATE 
1.. 

July,  1892 

7AM.        2  P.M. 

..  92  110... 

9  A.M. 

.KM) 

RAIN 

.25 

.18 

2.. 
3.. 
4.. 
5,. 
6.. 
7   . 
8.. 
9.. 
10.. 
11.. 
12.. 
13.. 

..  94.. 
..  92.. 
..  94.. 
..  94.. 
..  94.. 
..  88.. 
..  90.. 
..  88.. 
..  98.. 
..  90.. 
..  88.. 
..  92.. 

.  .  108  .  .  . 
..  106  ... 
..106... 
..  96... 
..100... 
,  .  106  .  .  . 
..106... 
..  98... 
.  .  106  .  .  . 
..108... 
.  .  106  .  .  . 
..100     . 

.102.... 
.100.... 
.KM).... 
.  92.... 
.  92.... 
.  94.... 
.  98.... 
.  96..,. 
.  94.... 
.   94.... 
.  96.... 
94 

14... 
15... 
16... 
17... 
18... 
19... 
20     . 

.76.. 

.   78.. 
.  76.. 

.   78.. 
.  82.. 
.  86.. 
88.. 

..  88... 
..  90... 
..  90... 
..  96... 
..104... 
..102... 
.  .  108  .  .  . 

.  80.... 
.  80.... 
.  84.... 
.  90.... 
.  94.... 
.  96.... 
.  98  

14.. 
15.. 
16.. 
17.. 
18.. 
19.. 
20.. 
21.. 
22.. 
23.. 
24.. 
25.. 
26.. 
27.. 
28.. 
2V).. 
30.. 
31.. 

..  90.: 

..  88.. 
..  86.. 
..  90.. 
..  88.. 
..  90.. 
..  90.. 
..  90.. 
..  90.. 
..  94.. 
..  88.. 
..  84.. 
..  82.. 
..   78.. 
..  82.. 
..   80.. 
..  84.. 
..  90.. 

.  .  104  .  .  . 
.  .  106  .  .  . 
..102... 
..104... 
..104... 
..104... 
..104... 
..108... 
..106... 
..100... 
..  98... 
..  96... 
..100... 
..100... 
..102... 
.  .  102  .  . 
..  108  ... 
..  106  ... 

.  96.... 
.   96.... 
.  100  .... 
.  96.... 

.  98.... 
.  98.... 
.   98.... 
.  98.... 
.  98.... 
.  98.... 
.   92.... 
.  92.... 
.  90.... 
.  92.... 
.  84..., 
.  81.... 
.  98.... 
.100,... 

21... 
22  .. 

.  86.. 
.82.. 

.  .  106  .  .  . 
..104... 

.  96.... 
.  90  

23 

82 

98 

90 

24... 
25... 
26... 

27... 
28... 
29... 
30... 

.  80.. 
.  80.. 
.  94.. 
.  90.. 
.  94.. 
.  90.. 
.  92.. 

..  98... 
..102... 
..110... 
..104... 
..108... 
..106... 
..108... 

.  90.... 
.  96.... 
.  98.... 
.  98.... 
.100.... 
.  98.... 
.100.... 

Mean 

..80.. 

.  97.. 
Total 

.  85.... 
rainfall,     .00 

Mean 

88 

103 

96 

.43 

Total 

rainfall, 

